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Inventory of Wastes Generated in Polish Sewage Sludge Incineration Plants and Their Possible Circular Management Directions

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  • Marzena Smol

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wybickiego 7A str., 31-261 Cracow, Poland)

Abstract

A dynamic development of sewer networks and municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) leads to the formation a large amounts of municipal sewage sludges (MSSs) which have to be disposed. One of the MSS disposal practices is thermal conversion in mono-incineration plants. Nowadays, there are 11 such installations in Poland, with the total capacity 160,300 Mg d.w. of MSSs per year. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of wastes generated in Polish MSS mono-incineration plants. As a consequence of MSSs incineration, various types of waste are generated including, for example, bottom and fly ash, dust or solid waste. The most valuable waste is sewage sludge ash (SSA), which can be used in other industries, as fertilizer or construction sectors. In the circular economy (CE) model, SSA should be treated as a secondary source of raw materials, such as phosphates (replacement of nutrients by P-rich ashes in fertilizers) or sand (replacement of sand by ashes in construction materials). Current practices of SSA management include landfilling, recovery at WWTPs or management by external companies (recovery, disposal or collection). To preserve the utility value of SSA, it should be stored selectively, and then directed to raw materials recovery. This creates the possibility of turning waste into a secondary resource, after meeting certain conditions which depend on which product the waste is directed to. Moreover, this waste management practice is recommended in the Polish documents regarding the usage of SSA, and it can strengthen the accomplishment of the European Green Deal, which is the newest roadmap for making the EU’s economy sustainable and circular.

Suggested Citation

  • Marzena Smol, 2020. "Inventory of Wastes Generated in Polish Sewage Sludge Incineration Plants and Their Possible Circular Management Directions," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-24, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:9:y:2020:i:8:p:91-:d:390921
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrey Kiselev & Elena Magaril & Romen Magaril & Deborah Panepinto & Marco Ravina & Maria Chiara Zanetti, 2019. "Towards Circular Economy: Evaluation of Sewage Sludge Biogas Solutions," Resources, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Sobek, Szymon & Werle, Sebastian, 2020. "Solar pyrolysis of waste biomass: Part 2 kinetic modeling and methodology of the determination of the kinetic parameters for solar pyrolysis of sewage sludge," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 962-974.
    3. Marzena Smol & Paulina Marcinek & Joanna Duda & Dominika Szołdrowska, 2020. "Importance of Sustainable Mineral Resource Management in Implementing the Circular Economy (CE) Model and the European Green Deal Strategy," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-21, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marta Jaskulak & Maksymilian Sotomski & Małgorzata Michalska & Roman Marks & Katarzyna Zorena, 2022. "The Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Failure on the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Tomasz Kalak & Yu Tachibana, 2023. "Utilizing Sewage Sludge Slag, a By-Product of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Process, to Efficiently Remove Copper from Aquatic Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-24, July.
    3. Marzena Smol, 2023. "Circular Economy in Wastewater Treatment Plant—Water, Energy and Raw Materials Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-18, May.
    4. Marzena Smol & Paulina Marcinek & Zuzana Šimková & Tomáš Bakalár & Milan Hemzal & Jiří Jaromír Klemeš & Yee Van Fan & Kinga Lorencz & Eugeniusz Koda & Anna Podlasek, 2022. "Inventory of Good Practices of Sustainable and Circular Phosphorus Management in the Visegrad Group (V4)," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Agnieszka Starzyk & Kinga Rybak-Niedziółka & Przemysław Łacek & Łukasz Mazur & Anna Stefańska & Małgorzata Kurcjusz & Aleksandra Nowysz, 2023. "Environmental and Architectural Solutions in the Problem of Waste Incineration Plants in Poland: A Comparative Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    6. Smol, Marzena, 2022. "Is the green deal a global strategy? Revision of the green deal definitions, strategies and importance in post-COVID recovery plans in various regions of the world," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    7. Jean Pierre Doussoulin & Cristian Colther, 2022. "Evaluating the Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Collection Services in Developing Countries: The Case of Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.
    8. Marzena Smol & Renata Koneczna, 2021. "Economic Indicators in Water and Wastewater Sector Contributing to a Circular Economy (CE)," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, December.

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