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The Bullwhip Effect and Ripple Effect with Respect to Supply Chain Resilience: Challenges and Opportunities

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  • Fabricio Moreno-Baca

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Logística, Manufactura y Automotriz (FILMA), Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla 72410, Mexico
    Centre Leo Apostel (CLEA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium)

  • Patricia Cano-Olivos

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Logística, Manufactura y Automotriz (FILMA), Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla 72410, Mexico)

  • Diana Sánchez-Partida

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Logística, Manufactura y Automotriz (FILMA), Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla 72410, Mexico)

  • José-Luis Martínez-Flores

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Logística, Manufactura y Automotriz (FILMA), Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla 72410, Mexico)

Abstract

Background : The Bullwhip and Ripple effects are systemic phenomena that disrupt supply chain performance. However, research often neglects their connection to resilience. This article presents a hybrid literature review examining how both effects are addressed about supply chain resilience, focusing on methodological and conceptual trends. Methods : The review combines thematic analysis of studies from Web of Science and ScienceDirect (2000–2023) with bibliometric trend modeling using Long Short-Term Memory neural networks to detect nonlinear patterns and disciplinary dynamics. Results : While 64.7% of the reviewed works explicitly link the Bullwhip Effect or Ripple Effect to resilience, only 11.7% of those focused on the Bullwhip Effect offer models with clear practical use. A structural break in 2019 marks a notable rise in research connecting these effects to resilience. Nonlinear modeling dominates (88.23%) through network theory and system dynamics. Social, Engineering and Business Sciences drive Bullwhip-related studies, while Economics, Computer Science, and Social Sciences lead Ripple-related research. Business, Energy, and Social Sciences strongly influence the integration of the Ripple Effect into supply chains. A modeling typology is proposed, and neural network techniques uncover key bibliometric patterns. Conclusions : The review highlights limited practical application and calls for more adaptive, integrative research approaches.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabricio Moreno-Baca & Patricia Cano-Olivos & Diana Sánchez-Partida & José-Luis Martínez-Flores, 2025. "The Bullwhip Effect and Ripple Effect with Respect to Supply Chain Resilience: Challenges and Opportunities," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-34, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlogis:v:9:y:2025:i:2:p:62-:d:1660375
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    References listed on IDEAS

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