The Bullwhip Effect and Ripple Effect with Respect to Supply Chain Resilience: Challenges and Opportunities

The Bullwhip and Ripple Effects are critical phenomena that disrupt supply chain operations, yet current research often lacks an interdisciplinary, resilience-centered perspective. This study reviews and analyzes how these effects are modeled in the context of supply chain resilience (SCR), highlighting methodological trends, research gaps, and opportunities. A hybrid literature review was conducted across the Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases (2000–2023), followed by a neural network-based bibliometric analysis using LSTM models to address multicollinearity and non-stationarity in research trends. Results reveal that 64.7% of studies examine the Bullwhip and Ripple Effects jointly with SCR, predominantly through nonlinear models (88.23%), especially network theory. However, only a small fraction provides actionable insights for real-world resilience strategies. Findings indicate a growing interdisciplinary contribution from Engineering, Decision Sciences, and Social Sciences, with a notable shift toward sustainability and AI applications. This article offers a structured synthesis of the field, a classification of modeling approaches, and actionable directions for future resilience research that bridge academic insights with supply chain practice.