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The Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Potato Agrobiodiversity in the Highlands of Central Peru: A Case Study of Smallholder Management across Farming Landscapes

Author

Listed:
  • Alejandra Arce

    (Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín 1226, Colombia)

  • Stef de Haan

    (International Potato Center (CIP), La Molina 1558, Lima 12, Peru
    Agricultural Genetics Institute, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

  • Henry Juarez

    (International Potato Center (CIP), La Molina 1558, Lima 12, Peru)

  • Dharani Dhar Burra

    (Agricultural Genetics Institute, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

  • Franklin Plasencia

    (International Potato Center (CIP), La Molina 1558, Lima 12, Peru)

  • Raul Ccanto

    (Grupo Yanapai, Concepción, Junín 12126, Peru)

  • Severin Polreich

    (International Potato Center (CIP), La Molina 1558, Lima 12, Peru)

  • Maria Scurrah

    (Grupo Yanapai, Concepción, Junín 12126, Peru)

Abstract

In the high Andes, environmental and socio-economic drivers are transforming agriculture and presumably affecting the in situ conservation of potato ( Solanum spp.). To monitor the use and conservation of intraspecific diversity, systematic and comparative studies across agricultural land-use systems are needed. We investigated the spatial-temporal dynamics of potato in two landscapes of Peru’s central Andes: A highland plateau (Huancavelica) compared to an eastern slope (Pasco). We examined household-level areal allocations, altitudinal distribution, sectoral fallowing practices, and the conservation status for three main cultivar groups: (i) Bred varieties, (ii) floury landraces, and (iii) bitter landraces. Mixed methods were used to survey 323 households and the 1101 potato fields they managed in 2012–2013. We compared the contemporary altitudinal distribution of landraces with 1975–1985 altimeter data from the International Potato Center. Intensification is occurring in each landscape while maintaining high intraspecific diversity. Access to land and production for sale compared to consumption significantly affected smallholder management and differentiated landscapes. Most landraces were scarce across households: 45.4% in Huancavelica and 61.7% in Pasco. Potato cultivation has moved upward by an average of 306 m since 1975. Landrace diversity is versatile but unevenly distributed across landscapes. This requires adaptive ways to incentivize in situ conservation.

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandra Arce & Stef de Haan & Henry Juarez & Dharani Dhar Burra & Franklin Plasencia & Raul Ccanto & Severin Polreich & Maria Scurrah, 2019. "The Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Potato Agrobiodiversity in the Highlands of Central Peru: A Case Study of Smallholder Management across Farming Landscapes," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-30, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:8:y:2019:i:11:p:169-:d:285071
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Van Dusen, M. Eric & Taylor, J. Edward, 2005. "Missing markets and crop diversity: evidence from Mexico," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(4), pages 513-531, August.
    2. Brush, Stephen B. & Taylor, J. Edward & Bellon, Mauricio R., 1992. "Technology adoption and biological diversity in Andean potato agriculture," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 365-387, October.
    3. Ram Rana & Chris Garforth & Bhuwon Sthapit & Devra Jarvis, 2007. "Influence of socio-economic and cultural factors in rice varietal diversity management on-farm in Nepal," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 24(4), pages 461-472, December.
    4. Caulfield, Mark & Bouniol, Judith & Fonte, Steven J. & Kessler, Aad, 2019. "How rural out-migrations drive changes to farm and land management: A case study from the rural Andes," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 594-603.
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    Cited by:

    1. Carlos A. Molina & David Dudenhoefer & Vivian Polar & Maria Scurrah & Raul C. Ccanto & Bettina Heider, 2022. "Gender Roles and Native Potato Diversity Management in Highland Communities of Peru," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Navarrete, Israel & López, Victoria & Borja, Ross & Oyarzún, Pedro & Garrett, Karen A. & Almekinders, Conny J.M. & Xing, Yanru & Struik, Paul C. & Andrade-Piedra, Jorge L., 2022. "Variety and on-farm seed management practices affect potato seed degeneration in the tropical highlands of Ecuador," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).

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