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Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Vegetation Dynamics in Relation to Shifting Inundation and Fire Regimes: Disentangling Environmental Variability from Land Management Decisions in a Southern African Transboundary Watershed

Author

Listed:
  • Narcisa G. Pricope

    (Department of Geography and Geology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403, USA)

  • Andrea E. Gaughan

    (Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of Louisville, 213 Lutz Hall, Louisville, KY 40205, USA)

  • John D. All

    (Department of Geography and Geology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA)

  • Michael W. Binford

    (Department of Geography, University of Florida, 3141 Turlington Hall, P.O. Box 11731, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA)

  • Lucas P. Rutina

    (Wildlife Ecology and Management, Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, P/Bag 285 Shorobe Road Sexaxa Maun, Botswana)

Abstract

Increasing temperatures and wildfire incidence and decreasing precipitation and river runoff in southern Africa are predicted to have a variety of impacts on the ecology, structure, and function of semi-arid savannas, which provide innumerable livelihood resources for millions of people. This paper builds on previous research that documents change in inundation and fire regimes in the Chobe River Basin (CRB) in Namibia and Botswana and proposes to demonstrate a methodology that can be applied to disentangle the effect of environmental variability from land management decisions on changing and ecologically sensitive savanna ecosystems in transboundary contexts. We characterized the temporal dynamics (1985–2010) of vegetation productivity for the CRB using proxies of vegetation productivity and examine the relative importance of shifts in flooding and fire patterns to vegetation dynamics and effects of the association of phases of the El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on vegetation greenness. Our results indicate that vegetation in these semi-arid environments is highly responsive to climatic fluctuations and the long-term trend is one of increased but heterogeneous vegetation cover. The increased cover and heterogeneity during the growing season is especially noted in communally-managed areas of Botswana where long-term fire suppression has been instituted, in contrast to communal areas in Namibia where heterogeneity in vegetation cover is mostly increasing primarily outside of the growing season and may correspond to mosaic early dry season burns. Observed patterns of increased vegetation productivity and heterogeneity may relate to more frequent and intense burning and higher spatial variability in surface water availability from both precipitation and regional inundation patterns, with implications for global environmental change and adaptation in subsistence-based communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Narcisa G. Pricope & Andrea E. Gaughan & John D. All & Michael W. Binford & Lucas P. Rutina, 2015. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Vegetation Dynamics in Relation to Shifting Inundation and Fire Regimes: Disentangling Environmental Variability from Land Management Decisions in a Southern African Transb," Land, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-29, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:627-655:d:53258
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sonia Kéfi & Max Rietkerk & Concepción L. Alados & Yolanda Pueyo & Vasilios P. Papanastasis & Ahmed ElAich & Peter C. de Ruiter, 2007. "Spatial vegetation patterns and imminent desertification in Mediterranean arid ecosystems," Nature, Nature, vol. 449(7159), pages 213-217, September.
    2. Xia Cui & Cerian Gibbes & Jane Southworth & Peter Waylen, 2013. "Using Remote Sensing to Quantify Vegetation Change and Ecological Resilience in a Semi-Arid System," Land, MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-23, April.
    3. Timothy P Robinson & G R William Wint & Giulia Conchedda & Thomas P Van Boeckel & Valentina Ercoli & Elisa Palamara & Giuseppina Cinardi & Laura D'Aietti & Simon I Hay & Marius Gilbert, 2014. "Mapping the Global Distribution of Livestock," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(5), pages 1-13, May.
    4. Barnes, Jonathan I. & Macgregor, James & Chris Weaver, L., 2002. "Economic Efficiency and Incentives for Change within Namibia's Community Wildlife Use Initiatives," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 667-681, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alpo Kapuka & Tomáš Hlásny, 2020. "Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Namibia: A District-Based Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, June.
    2. Andrea Elizabeth Gaughan & Forrest Robert Stevens & Narcisa Gabriela Pricope & Joel Hartter & Lin Cassidy & Jonathan Salerno, 2019. "Operationalizing Vulnerability: Land System Dynamics in a Transfrontier Conservation Area," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-19, July.

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