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On Demand, Development and Dependence: A Review of Current and Future Implications of Socioeconomic Changes for Integrated Water Resource Management in the Okavango Catchment of Southern Africa

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  • Thomas Weinzierl

    (Department of Physical Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Janpeter Schilling

    (Department of Geography, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA)

Abstract

Water is both a key and limited resource in the Okavango Catchment of Southern Africa. It is vital for the ecosystem and the three riparian states Angola, Botswana and Namibia who use the water of the catchment for multiple purposes including pastoralism, farming and tourism. Socioeconomic changes, primarily strong population growth and increasing development demands pose significant challenges for the Okavango Catchment and its Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). In this paper, we first review the socioeconomic background and the current and projected water situation. Against this background, we analyze the dependence of the riparian states and the local livelihoods on the Okavango Catchment. Third, we discuss the implications of socioeconomic changes and increased water demand for the IWRM in the catchment. We review the scientific literature and relevant reports. Further we utilize (geo-spatial) analysis of socioeconomic, livelihood and hydrological data, supplemented by a field visit to Namibia and Botswana. Our findings suggest that strong population growth and the stabilization of Angola are likely to increase the pressure to develop the region along the Okavango. The central challenge for IWRM is hence to enable Angola to meet its development needs without limiting livelihood and economic prospects in Botswana and Namibia.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Weinzierl & Janpeter Schilling, 2013. "On Demand, Development and Dependence: A Review of Current and Future Implications of Socioeconomic Changes for Integrated Water Resource Management in the Okavango Catchment of Southern Africa," Land, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:60-80:d:23865
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dianne Rahm & Larry Swatuk & Erica Matheny, 2006. "Water Resource Management in Botswana: Balancing Sustainability and Economic Development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 157-183, February.
    2. World Bank, 2013. "World Development Indicators 2013," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13191, April.
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    1. José Antonio Folgado-Fernández & Elide Di-Clemente & José Manuel Hernández-Mogollón & Ana María Campón-Cerro, 2018. "Water Tourism: A New Strategy for the Sustainable Management of Water-Based Ecosystems and Landscapes in Extremadura (Spain)," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-18, December.

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