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Assessment of Urban Ecological Resilience and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration of China

Author

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  • Chenchen Shi

    (School of Urban Economics and Public Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
    Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Megaregions Sustainable Development Modeling, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China)

  • Xiaoping Zhu

    (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066104, China)

  • Haowei Wu

    (School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Zhihui Li

    (Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract

Climate change and rapid urbanization bring natural and anthropogenetic disturbance to the urban ecosystem, damaging the sustainability and resilience of cities. Evaluation of urban ecological resilience and an investigation of its impact mechanisms are of great importance to sustainable urban management. Therefore, taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration (BTHUA) region in China as a study area, this study builds an evaluation index to assess urban ecological resilience and its spatial patterns with the resilience surrogate of net primary production during 2000–2020. The evaluation index is constructed from two dimensions, including the sensitivity and adaptability of urban ecosystems, to capture the two key mechanisms of resilience, namely resistance and recovery. Resilience-influencing factors including biophysical and socio-economic variables are analyzed with the multiple linear regression model. The results show that during 2000–2020, the spatial pattern of urban ecological resilience in the BTHUA is characterized by high resilience in the northwest and relatively low resilience in the southeast. High resilience areas account for 40% of the whole region, mainly contributed by Zhangjiakou and Chengde city in Hebei Province, which is consistent with the function orientation of the BTH region in its coordinated development. Along with urbanization in this region, ecological resilience decreases with increased population and increases with GDP growth; this indicates that, although population expansion uses resources, causes pollution and reduces vegetation coverage, with economic growth and technological progress, the negative ecological impact could be mitigated, and the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment could eventually be reached. Our findings are consistent with mainstream theories examining the ecological impact of socio-economic development such as the Environmental Kuznets Curve, Porter Hypothesis, and Ecological Modernization theories, and provide significant references for future urbanization, carbon neutrality, resilience building, and urban ecological management in China.

Suggested Citation

  • Chenchen Shi & Xiaoping Zhu & Haowei Wu & Zhihui Li, 2022. "Assessment of Urban Ecological Resilience and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:6:p:921-:d:840089
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Jianshu Li & Mo Bi & Guoen Wei, 2022. "Investigating the Impacts of Urbanization on Vegetation Net Primary Productivity: A Case Study of Chengdu–Chongqing Urban Agglomeration from the Perspective of Townships," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Chenchen Shi & Xiaoping Zhu & Haowei Wu & Zhihui Li, 2022. "Urbanization Impact on Regional Sustainable Development: Through the Lens of Urban-Rural Resilience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Changyuan He & Qiang Zhang & Gang Wang & Vijay P. Singh & Tiantian Li & Shuai Cui, 2023. "Evaluation of Urban Resilience of China’s Three Major Urban Agglomerations Using Complex Adaptive System Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Shengli Dai & Yingying Wang & Weimin Zhang, 2022. "The Impact Relationships between Scientific and Technological Innovation, Industrial Structure Advancement and Carbon Footprints in China Based on the PVAR Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-21, August.
    5. Yanjun Tong & Jun Lei & Shubao Zhang & Xiaolei Zhang & Tianyu Rong & Liqin Fan & Zuliang Duan, 2023. "Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Variability and Factors Influencing the Ecological Resilience in the Urban Agglomeration on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.
    6. Wei Jiang & Nana Jiang, 2025. "From sustainable development towards resilience: Does digital finance matter in enhancing ecological resilience?," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(2), pages 2535-2552, April.
    7. Chenchen Shi & Naliang Guo & Xiaoping Zhu & Feng Wu, 2022. "Assessing Urban Resilience from the Perspective of Scaling Law: Evidence from Chinese Cities," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-23, October.

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