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A Comparative Analysis of Characteristics and Synoptic Backgrounds of Extreme Heat Events over Two Urban Agglomerations in Southeast China

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  • Xiaoyan Sun

    (Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Xiaoyu Gao

    (State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Yali Luo

    (Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Wai-Kin Wong

    (Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong 999077, China)

  • Haiming Xu

    (Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

Abstract

Based on high-resolution surface observation and reanalysis data, this paper analyzes the extreme heat events (EHEs) over two densely populated urban agglomerations in southeast China, namely the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD), including the spatial–temporal distribution of heatwaves and warm nights and the synoptic backgrounds for regional heatwaves. The results show that the occurrence frequency of EHEs is modulated significantly by local underlying features (i.e., land–sea contrast, terrain), and the strong nocturnal urban heat island effects make warm nights much more likely to occur in cities than rural areas during heatwaves. About 80% of the YRD regional heatwaves occur from 15 July to 15 August, while a lower fraction (53%) of the PRD heatwaves is found during this mid-summer period, which partially explains the warm-season average intensity of the former being 2–3 times the latter. A persistent, profound subtropical high is the dominant synoptic system responsible for the mid-summer YRD heatwaves, which forces significant descending motion leading to long-duration sunny weather. The mid-summer PRD heatwaves involve both high-pressure systems and tropical cyclones (TCs). A TC is present to the east of the PRD region on most (about 72%) PRD heatwave days. The organized northerly winds in the planetary boundary layer in the outer circulation of the TC transport the inland warm air, which is heated by the foehn effect at the lee side of the Nanling Mountains and possibly also the surface sensible heat flux, towards the PRD region, leading to the occurrence of the extremely high temperatures.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoyan Sun & Xiaoyu Gao & Yali Luo & Wai-Kin Wong & Haiming Xu, 2022. "A Comparative Analysis of Characteristics and Synoptic Backgrounds of Extreme Heat Events over Two Urban Agglomerations in Southeast China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:12:p:2235-:d:997014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xing Yuan & Linying Wang & Peili Wu & Peng Ji & Justin Sheffield & Miao Zhang, 2019. "Anthropogenic shift towards higher risk of flash drought over China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Nikolaos Christidis & Gareth S. Jones & Peter A. Stott, 2015. "Dramatically increasing chance of extremely hot summers since the 2003 European heatwave," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 46-50, January.
    3. T. Matthews & R. L. Wilby & C. Murphy, 2019. "An emerging tropical cyclone–deadly heat compound hazard," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 9(8), pages 602-606, August.
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