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Associations between Area-Level Unemployment, Body Mass Index, and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in an Urban Area

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  • Ashley Isaac Naimi

    (Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
    Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 CPC South, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA)

  • Catherine Paquet

    (Sansom Institute for Health Research, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia)

  • Lise Gauvin

    (Axe santé des populations, CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal), Montréal, Québec H2W 1V1, Canada
    Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada)

  • Mark Daniel

    (Sansom Institute for Health Research, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
    Axe santé des populations, CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal), Montréal, Québec H2W 1V1, Canada
    Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada)

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) has been linked to \"neighbourhood\" socioeconomic status (nSES), often operationalized as a composite index of aggregate income, occupation and education within predefined administrative boundaries. The role of specific, non-composite socioeconomic markers has not been clearly explained. It is also unclear whether the relationship between nSES and CVD varies according to sex. We sought to determine whether area-level unemployment (ALU) was associated with CVD risk, and whether this association differed by sex. Methods: 342 individuals from the Montreal Neighbourhood Survey of Lifestyle and Health provided self-reported behavioural and socioeconomic information. A nurse collected biochemical and anthropometric data. ALU, a weighted average of the proportion of persons 15-years and older available for but without work, was measured using a Geographic Information System for a 250 m buffer centred on individual residence. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate the associations between ALU, body mass index (BMI) and a cumulative score for total cardiometabolic risk (TCR). Results: After confounder adjustments, the mean 4 th minus 1 st quartile difference in BMI was 3.19 kg/m 2 (95% CI: 2.39, 3.99), while the prevalence ratio for the 4 th relative to 1 st quartile for TCR was 2.20 (95 % CI: 1.53, 3.17). Sex interacted with ALU; women relative to men had greater mean 3.97 kg/m 2 (95% CI: 2.08, 5.85) BMI and greater mean TCR 1.51 (95% CI: 0.78, 2.90), contrasted at mean ALU. Conclusions: Area-level unemployment is associated with greater CVD risk, and this association is stronger for women.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashley Isaac Naimi & Catherine Paquet & Lise Gauvin & Mark Daniel, 2009. "Associations between Area-Level Unemployment, Body Mass Index, and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in an Urban Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(12), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:6:y:2009:i:12:p:3082-3096:d:6439
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Renin Toms & Xiaoqi Feng & Darren J Mayne & Andrew Bonney, 2020. "Role of Area-Level Access to Primary Care on the Geographic Variation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Distribution: A Multilevel Analysis of the Adult Residents in the Illawarra—Shoalhaven Region of NS," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-21, June.

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