IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v22y2025i4p539-d1625894.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Prevalence of CVD Among Indian Adult Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Mohd Shannawaz

    (Amity Institute of Public Health & Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida 201301, India)

  • Isha Rathi

    (Amity Institute of Public Health & Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida 201301, India)

  • Nikita Shah

    (Amity Institute of Public Health & Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida 201301, India)

  • Shazina Saeed

    (Amity Institute of Public Health & Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida 201301, India)

  • Amrish Chandra

    (School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India)

  • Harpreet Singh

    (Development Research, Indian Council of Medical Research (CMR), Delhi 110029, India)

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. Over three-quarters of CVD-related deaths now occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); India accounts for one-fifth of global CVD-related deaths, especially among the younger population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of CVD among the Indian adult population. We systematically searched Scopus and PubMed from January 2000 to December 2024 to identify relevant articles and pooled the prevalence of CVD using random-effects meta-analysis. Among the 14,647 records screened, 501 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of CVD was 11% (95% CI: 0.09–0.17). Subgroup analysis showed prevalence rates of 12% among males and 14% among females. Urban areas had a higher prevalence (12%) compared to rural areas (6%), with a significant difference. Our study shows the significant prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in India, particularly in urban areas, with slightly higher rates among females. Focused public health strategies are required to mitigate the growing burden of CVD, along with preventive measures, to reduce further increases in disease prevalence and related fatalities.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohd Shannawaz & Isha Rathi & Nikita Shah & Shazina Saeed & Amrish Chandra & Harpreet Singh, 2025. "Prevalence of CVD Among Indian Adult Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(4), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:4:p:539-:d:1625894
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/22/4/539/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/22/4/539/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Winkleby, M.A. & Jatulis, D.E. & Frank, E. & Fortmann, S.P., 1992. "Socioeconomic status and health: How education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 82(6), pages 816-820.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jake M. Najman & William Wang & Maria Plotnikova & Abdullah A. Mamun & David McIntyre & Gail M. Williams & James G. Scott & William Bor & Alexandra M. Clavarino, 0. "Poverty over the early life course and young adult cardio-metabolic risk," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 0, pages 1-10.
    2. M. Vernay & B. Salanave & C. Peretti & C. Druet & A. Malon & V. Deschamps & S. Hercberg & K. Castetbon, 2013. "Metabolic syndrome and socioeconomic status in France: The French Nutrition and Health Survey (ENNS, 2006–2007)," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(6), pages 855-864, December.
    3. Syed Hasan & Odmaa Narantungalag, & Martin Berka, 2022. "The intended and unintended consequences of large electricity subsidies: evidence from Mongolia," Discussion Papers 2202, School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, New Zealand.
    4. Chunping Han, 2014. "Health Implications of Socioeconomic Characteristics, Subjective Social Status, and Perceptions of Inequality: An Empirical Study of China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 119(2), pages 495-514, November.
    5. Wenjian Zhou & Jianming Hou & Meng Sun & Chang Wang, 2022. "The Impact of Family Socioeconomic Status on Elderly Health in China: Based on the Frailty Index," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-14, January.
    6. Manka Eunice Fuh & Brice Wilfried Obiang-Obounou*, 2019. "Overview of Migrant Women’s Health in South Korea: Policy Recommendations," The Journal of Social Sciences Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 5(3), pages 709-714, 03-2019.
    7. Melissa P L Chan & Robert S Weinhold & Reuben Thomas & Julia M Gohlke & Christopher J Portier, 2015. "Environmental Predictors of US County Mortality Patterns on a National Basis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-25, December.
    8. Benedicte Apouey & Andrew E. Clark, 2015. "Winning Big but Feeling no Better? The Effect of Lottery Prizes on Physical and Mental Health," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(5), pages 516-538, May.
    9. Ching-Jung Yu & Jung-Chieh Du & Hsien-Chih Chiou & Chun-Cheng Feng & Ming-Yi Chung & Winnie Yang & Ying-Sheue Chen & Ling-Chu Chien & Betau Hwang & Mei-Lien Chen, 2016. "Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Adversely Associated with Childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, July.
    10. Yang Xiao & Yanjie Bian & Lei Zhang, 2020. "Mental Health of Chinese Online Networkers under COVID-19: A Sociological Analysis of Survey Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-17, November.
    11. Apouey, Bénédicte & Geoffard, Pierre-Yves, 2013. "Family income and child health in the UK," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 715-727.
    12. Patricia Rarau & Justin Pulford & Hebe Gouda & Suparat Phuanukoonon & Chris Bullen & Robert Scragg & Bang Nguyen Pham & Barbara McPake & Brian Oldenburg, 2019. "Socio-economic status and behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, January.
    13. Carlo Castellana, 2012. "Impact of the economic crisis on the Italian public healthcare expenditure," Papers 1205.2863, arXiv.org.
    14. Mejía-Guevara, Iván, 2015. "Economic inequality and intergenerational transfers: Evidence from Mexico," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 5(C), pages 23-32.
    15. Amélie Adeline & Ismaël Choinière Crèvecoeur & Raquel Fonseca & Pierre-Carl Michaud, 2019. "Income Volatility, Health and Well-Being," Cahiers de recherche / Working Papers 1906, Chaire de recherche sur les enjeux économiques intergénérationnels / Research Chair in Intergenerational Economics.
    16. Grant Johnston, 2004. "Healthy, wealthy and wise? A review of the wider benefits of education," Treasury Working Paper Series 04/04, New Zealand Treasury.
    17. Stacey, Brian, 2015. "Econometric Predictions From Demographic Factors Affecting Overall Health," MPRA Paper 68915, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 06 Dec 2015.
    18. Maria Klonowska-Matynia & Radosław Sobko, 2021. "Spatial Analysis of the Relationship between Health Capital and the Level of Health Care Expenditure in Poland," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 1), pages 133-151.
    19. Leibowitz, Arleen A., 2004. "The demand for health and health concerns after 30 years," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 663-671, July.
    20. Xiangdan Piao & Xinxin Ma & Chi Zhang & Shunsuke Managi, 2020. "Impact of Gaps in the Educational Levels between Married Partners on Health and a Sustainable Lifestyle: Evidence from 32 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-20, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:4:p:539-:d:1625894. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.