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The Interactive Effects between Drought and Air Pollutants on Children’s Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Time-Series Analysis in Gansu, China

Author

Listed:
  • Yanlin Li

    (Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jianyun Sun

    (Gansu Provincial Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control, Lanzhou 730000, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ruoyi Lei

    (Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Jie Zheng

    (Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Xiaoyu Tian

    (Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Baode Xue

    (Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Bin Luo

    (Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China
    Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China)

Abstract

As a destructive and economic disaster in the world, drought shows an increasing trend under the continuous global climate change and adverse health effects have been reported. The interactive effects between drought and air pollutants, which may also be harmful to respiratory systems, remain to be discussed. We built the generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to estimate the effects of drought and air pollutants on daily upper respiratory infections (URTI) outpatient visits among children under 6 in three cities of Gansu province. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on monthly precipitation (SPI-1) was used as an indicator of drought. A non-stratified model was established to explore the interaction effect of SPI-1 and air pollutants. We illustrated the number of daily pediatric URTI outpatient visits increased with the decrease in SPI-1. The interactive effects between air pollutants and the number of daily pediatric URTIs were significant. According to the non-stratified model, we revealed highly polluted and drought environments had the most significant impact on URTI in children. The occurrence of drought and air pollutants increased URTI in children and exhibited a significant interactive effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanlin Li & Jianyun Sun & Ruoyi Lei & Jie Zheng & Xiaoyu Tian & Baode Xue & Bin Luo, 2023. "The Interactive Effects between Drought and Air Pollutants on Children’s Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Time-Series Analysis in Gansu, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-14, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1959-:d:1042688
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anna Yusa & Peter Berry & June J.Cheng & Nicholas Ogden & Barrie Bonsal & Ronald Stewart & Ruth Waldick, 2015. "Climate Change, Drought and Human Health in Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-54, July.
    2. Kevin E. Trenberth & Aiguo Dai & Gerard van der Schrier & Philip D. Jones & Jonathan Barichivich & Keith R. Briffa & Justin Sheffield, 2014. "Global warming and changes in drought," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 17-22, January.
    3. Bo Wang & Shunxia Wang & Lanyu Li & Shenggang Xu & Chengyun Li & Sheng Li & Jinyu Wang & Hupeng He & Jingping Niu & Kai Zhang & Bin Luo, 2021. "The association between drought and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in four northwest cities of China," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 167(1), pages 1-15, July.
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    Keywords

    drought; URTI; SPI; air pollutants; GAM; DLNM;
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