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The Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS): A Multidimensional Item Response Theory Analysis in Italian Workers

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  • Andrea Svicher

    (Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, (Psychology Section), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy)

  • Letizia Palazzeschi

    (Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, (Psychology Section), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy)

  • Alessio Gori

    (Department of Health Sciences (Psychology Section), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy)

  • Annamaria Di Fabio

    (Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, (Psychology Section), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy)

Abstract

Gratitude is a promising resource from a healthy organizational perspective. It is related to many positive outcomes at work. The Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS) is the most widely used self-report questionnaire to detect gratitude. The present study examined GRAT-RS (the Italian version) by implementing multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) analyses to explore its psychometric properties. The participants were 537 Italian workers. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of the GRAT-RS and MIRT analyses using the Grade Response Model were run. The MIRT discrimination and MIRT difficulty parameters were calculated. A test information function (TIF) and measure of reliability associated with (TIF) scores were also implemented. CFA highlighted that a bifactor model showed the best fit. Hence, MIRT analyses were carried out by implementing a bifactor model. The MIRT bifactor structure showed a good data fit with discrimination parameters ranging from good to excellent and adequate reliability. The good psychometric properties of GRAT-RS were confirmed, highlighting the questionnaire as a reliable tool to measure gratitude in Italian workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Svicher & Letizia Palazzeschi & Alessio Gori & Annamaria Di Fabio, 2022. "The Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS): A Multidimensional Item Response Theory Analysis in Italian Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16786-:d:1003063
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. R. Bock & Murray Aitkin, 1981. "Marginal maximum likelihood estimation of item parameters: Application of an EM algorithm," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 46(4), pages 443-459, December.
    2. Annamaria Di Fabio & José María Peiró, 2018. "Human Capital Sustainability Leadership to Promote Sustainable Development and Healthy Organizations: A New Scale," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Li Cai, 2010. "Metropolis-Hastings Robbins-Monro Algorithm for Confirmatory Item Factor Analysis," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 35(3), pages 307-335, June.
    4. Letizia Palazzeschi & Andrea Svicher & Alessio Gori & Annamaria Di Fabio, 2022. "Gratitude in Organizations: Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test–Revised Short (GRAT–RS) in Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-9, September.
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