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Geo-Economic Linkages between China and the Countries along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road and Their Types

Author

Listed:
  • Wei Hu

    (College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China)

  • Yuejing Ge

    (Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Zhiding Hu

    (Institute for Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)

  • Shuai Ye

    (School of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China)

  • Feng Yang

    (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Haining Jiang

    (College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China)

  • Kun Hou

    (School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Yun Deng

    (College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China)

Abstract

With the advances of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the geo-economic interactions between China and countries along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road counties (MSRCs) continue to increase, and analyzing the geo-economic relations between China and the MSRCs is extremely important for a scientific understanding of bilateral geo-economic cooperation. Differently from the traditional logic of geo-economic competition and cooperation, we constructed a new framework based on the dominant factors of geo-economic relations and used an extreme random forest regression model to classify the geo-economic relation types between China and MSRCs from 2006 to 2017. The results show that the unbalanced development of investment and trade between China and MSRCs hindered the enhancement of the intensity of bilateral geo-economic linkage from 2006 to 2017. The “Matthew effect” of China’s geo-economic flow linkage with MSRCs is significant. There are obvious differences in the dominant factors affecting the types of geo-economic relations between China and MSRCs, and the distribution of the importance of the indices of the types of geo-economic relations in each country is disordered. Geopolitics, markets, and resources have played important roles in the geo-economic linkages between China and MSRCs. There are five types of geo-economic relations between China and the MSRCs: market-oriented type, resource-oriented type, market-resource-oriented type, market-geopolitics-oriented type, and resource-geopolitics-oriented type, of which the market-oriented type is the most important type of geo-economic relations. In the future, China should focus on regional powers along the Maritime Silk Road for bilateral geo-economic cooperation, actively promote the balanced development of bilateral geo-economic elements flows, strengthen geopolitical cooperation with MSRCs, and formulate cooperation plans according to the types of geo-economic relations.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei Hu & Yuejing Ge & Zhiding Hu & Shuai Ye & Feng Yang & Haining Jiang & Kun Hou & Yun Deng, 2022. "Geo-Economic Linkages between China and the Countries along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road and Their Types," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-28, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12946-:d:937698
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Chia-Nan Wang & Nhat-Luong Nhieu & Chun-Ming Chen, 2024. "Charting sustainable logistics on the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road: a DEA-based approach enhanced by risk considerations through prospect theory," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Muhammad, Tufail & Ni, Guohua & Chen, Zhenling & Mallek, Sabrine & Dudek, Marek & Mentel, Grzegorz, 2024. "Addressing resource curse: How mineral resources influence industrial structure dynamics of the BRI 57 oil-exporting countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    4. Wenshuang Zhao & Nan Jiang & Yuanyuan Wei & Xinke Zhao, 2023. "Geo-Economic Analysis Based on an Improved Ant Colony Optimization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-25, March.

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