IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i12p7073-d834893.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Factors Predicting Post-Traumatic Positive and Negative Psychological Changes Experienced by Nurses during a Pandemic COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Grzegorz Józef Nowicki

    (Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland)

  • Barbara Ślusarska

    (Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland)

  • Bożena Zboina

    (Department of Pedagogy and Health Sciences, College of Business and Entreprise, Akademicka 20 Str., PL-27-400 Ostrowiec Świetokrzyski, Poland)

  • Aneta Jędrzejewska

    (Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland)

  • Marzena Kotus

    (Department of Anaesthesiological and Intensive Care Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7 Str., PL-20-093 Lublin, Poland)

Abstract

It is common knowledge that COVID-19 affects physiopathological changes in all systems of the human body. On the other hand, events related to the COVID-19 pandemic also have a significant impact on the social and mental sphere of human functioning. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between selected sociodemographic variables and selected subjective cognitive resources, and the positive and negative perception of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of nurses working in Poland. The computer-assisted web interviewing method was conducted between 1 and 15 May 2020. Participants were requested to complete the following questionnaires: The Changes in Outlook Questionnaire (CIOQ), The Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), The Safety Experience Questionnaire (SEQ), and The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Three-hundred and twenty fivenurses working all over Poland participated in the study. Their mean age was 39.18 ± 11.16 years. A higher average level was noted among the surveyed nurses in the Positive Change subscale (18.56 ± 4.04). In a multivariate model, taking into account both sociodemographic and cognitive variables, the level of perceived traumatic stress, the level of social support, a sense of security, reflection on safety and a sense of meaning and meaning in life were independent predictors of a positive perception of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Those variables explained as much as 37% of the dependent variable, and the nature of the relationship was positive. While we are still a long way from understanding the full range of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and psychosocial well-being, it is possible that in this challenging context there are many individual resources available to perceive the effects of the current pandemic positively. Therefore, they should be strengthened through the development and implementation of intervention programs to improve the mental state of nurses.

Suggested Citation

  • Grzegorz Józef Nowicki & Barbara Ślusarska & Bożena Zboina & Aneta Jędrzejewska & Marzena Kotus, 2022. "Factors Predicting Post-Traumatic Positive and Negative Psychological Changes Experienced by Nurses during a Pandemic COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7073-:d:834893
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/12/7073/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/12/7073/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paula Franklin & Anna Gkiouleka, 2021. "A Scoping Review of Psychosocial Risks to Health Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Georgia Libera Finstad & Gabriele Giorgi & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Caterina Pandolfi & Giulia Foti & José M. León-Perez & Francisco J. Cantero-Sánchez & Nicola Mucci, 2021. "Resilience, Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Growth in the Workplace Following COVID-19: A Narrative Review on the Positive Aspects of Trauma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-25, September.
    3. Grzegorz Józef Nowicki & Barbara Ślusarska & Kinga Tucholska & Katarzyna Naylor & Agnieszka Chrzan-Rodak & Barbara Niedorys, 2020. "The Severity of Traumatic Stress Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic, Perception of Support, Sense of Security, and Sense of Meaning in Life among Nurses: Research Protocol and Preliminary Results from ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Yufei Li & Nathaniel Scherer & Lambert Felix & Hannah Kuper, 2021. "Prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-19, March.
    5. Jennifer E. Moreno-Jiménez & Luis Manuel Blanco-Donoso & Evangelia Demerouti & Sylvia Belda Hofheinz & Mario Chico-Fernández & Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez & Eva Garrosa, 2021. "The Role of Healthcare Professionals’ Passion in Predicting Secondary Traumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in the Face of COVID-19: A Longitudinal Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-16, April.
    6. Abdallah Badahdah & Faryal Khamis & Nawal Al Mahyijari & Marwa Al Balushi & Hashil Al Hatmi & Issa Al Salmi & Zakariya Albulushi & Jaleela Al Noomani, 2021. "The mental health of health care workers in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 67(1), pages 90-95, February.
    7. Barbara Ślusarska & Grzegorz Józef Nowicki & Barbara Niedorys-Karczmarczyk & Agnieszka Chrzan-Rodak, 2022. "Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Nurses during the First Eleven Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-20, January.
    8. Carmelo Vazquez & Carmen Valiente & Felipe E. García & Alba Contreras & Vanesa Peinado & Almudena Trucharte & Richard P. Bentall, 2021. "Post-Traumatic Growth and Stress-Related Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a National Representative Sample: The Role of Positive Core Beliefs About the World and Others," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(7), pages 2915-2935, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kirsten Barnicot & Rose McCabe & Angeliki Bogosian & Renos Papadopoulos & Mike Crawford & Peter Aitken & Tanja Christensen & Jonathan Wilson & Bonnie Teague & Ravi Rana & Donna Willis & Ryan Barclay &, 2023. "Predictors of Post-Traumatic Growth in a Sample of United Kingdom Mental and Community Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Muddassar Sarfraz & Xiangbo Ji & Muhammad Asghar & Larisa Ivascu & Ilknur Ozturk, 2022. "Signifying the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19, Psychological Concerns, Financial Concerns and Healthcare Employees Job Performance: A Mediated Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-24, February.
    3. Ewa Małgorzata Szepietowska & Ewa Zawadzka & Sara Filipiak, 2022. "Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Sense of Gains and Losses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Paula Franklin & Wouter Zwysen & Agnieszka Piasna, 2022. "Temporal Dimensions of Job Quality and Gender: Exploring Differences in the Associations of Working Time and Health between Women and Men," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-18, April.
    5. Mehwish Majeed & Muhammad Irshad & Jos Bartels, 2021. "The Interactive Effect of COVID-19 Risk and Hospital Measures on Turnover Intentions of Healthcare Workers: A Time-Lagged Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
    6. Suk-Jung Han & Ji-Young Chun & Hye-Jin Bae, 2022. "Post-Traumatic Growth of Nurses in COVID-19 Designated Hospitals in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Leonel Prieto & Md Farid Talukder, 2023. "Resilient Agility: A Necessary Condition for Employee and Organizational Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-24, January.
    8. Cátia Branquinho & Anabela Caetano Santos & Catarina Noronha & Lúcia Ramiro & Margarida Gaspar Matos, 2022. "COVID-19 Pandemic and the Second Lockdown: The 3rd Wave of the Disease Through the Voice of Youth," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 15(1), pages 199-216, February.
    9. Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera & Moisés Betancort & C. Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar & Natalia Rodríguez Novo & Carlos De las Cuevas, 2021. "The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-10, September.
    10. Maria Rosaria Gualano & Tiziana Sinigaglia & Giuseppina Lo Moro & Stefano Rousset & Agnese Cremona & Fabrizio Bert & Roberta Siliquini, 2021. "The Burden of Burnout among Healthcare Professionals of Intensive Care Units and Emergency Departments during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-17, August.
    11. Daniela Converso & Andreina Bruno & Vincenza Capone & Lara Colombo & Alessandra Falco & Teresa Galanti & Damiano Girardi & Gloria Guidetti & Sara Viotti & Barbara Loera, 2021. "Working during a Pandemic between the Risk of Being Infected and/or the Risks Related to Social Distancing: First Validation of the SAPH@W Questionnaire," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-14, June.
    12. Marcella Paterlini & Erica Neri & Alessia Nicoli & Federica Genova & Maria Teresa Villani & Sara Santi & Francesca Agostini, 2022. "Emotions, Stress and Coping among Healthcare Workers in a Reproductive Medicine Unit during the First and Second COVID-19 Lockdowns," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-16, May.
    13. Byrne, John-Paul & Humphries, Niamh & McMurray, Robert & Scotter, Cris, 2023. "COVID-19 and healthcare worker mental well-being: Comparative case studies on interventions in six countries," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    14. Belinda Agyapong & Ejemai Eboreime & Reham Shalaby & Hannah Pazderka & Gloria Obuobi-Donkor & Medard K. Adu & Wanying Mao & Folajinmi Oluwasina & Ernest Owusu & Andrew J. Greenshaw & Vincent I. O. Agy, 2021. "Mental Health Impacts of Wildfire, Flooding and COVID-19 on Fort McMurray School Board Staff and Other Employees: A Comparative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, December.
    15. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Alexandra Sandu & Chris Taylor & Jennifer May Hampton, 2024. "Children’s Subjective Well-Being During the Coronavirus Pandemic," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 17(1), pages 309-347, February.
    16. Chen, Chun & Li, Chunbo & Chen, Mingyang & Wang, Lingling & Zhu, Yaqin & Zhu, Zhuoying, 2022. "Coping and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among Chinese youth in the peak and remission periods of COVID-19," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    17. Georgia Libera Finstad & Gabriele Giorgi & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Caterina Pandolfi & Giulia Foti & José M. León-Perez & Francisco J. Cantero-Sánchez & Nicola Mucci, 2021. "Resilience, Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Growth in the Workplace Following COVID-19: A Narrative Review on the Positive Aspects of Trauma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-25, September.
    18. Rachel Hennein & Jessica Bonumwezi & Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako & Petty Tineo & Sarah R. Lowe, 2021. "Racial and Gender Discrimination Predict Mental Health Outcomes among Healthcare Workers Beyond Pandemic-Related Stressors: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-14, September.
    19. Van der velden, P.G. & Contino, C. & De vroege, L. & Das, M. & Bosmans, M. & Zijlmans, J., 2023. "The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms (ADS), persistent and chronic ADS among the adult general population and specific subgroups before and during the COVID-19 pandemic until December 202," Other publications TiSEM 4ff967e3-e477-4c2c-a11e-9, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    20. Alejandro Dominguez-Rodriguez & Reyna Jazmín Martínez-Arriaga & Paulina Erika Herdoiza-Arroyo & Eduardo Bautista-Valerio & Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez & Rosa Olimpia Castellanos Vargas & Laura Lacomba-Tre, 2022. "E-Health Psychological Intervention for COVID-19 Healthcare Workers: Protocol for its Implementation and Evaluation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-20, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7073-:d:834893. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.