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The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Mental Health

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  • Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera

    (Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health, St Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
    Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7091 Trondheim, Norway
    Nidelv Division of Psychiatry, Community Mental Health Centre, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Moisés Betancort

    (Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain)

  • C. Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing School, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8370178, Chile)

  • Natalia Rodríguez Novo

    (Department of Nursing, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
    Colegio Oficial de Enfermeros de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38201 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain)

  • Carlos De las Cuevas

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
    Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has created great uncertainty around the world, and due to the pandemic, nurses have been exposed to an increase in highly stressful clinical situations. This study examines the relationships between perceived stress and emotional disorders among nurses who have provided direct patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic and explores the mediating role of resilience in these relationships. In an online cross-sectional design, we asked Spanish nurses ( N = 214) to complete self-reported scales, and we performed correlation and mediation analyses between perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-4), resilience (Wagnild Resilience Scale, RS-14), wellbeing (World Health Organization Wellbeing Index, five items, WHO-5), anxiety (PHQ-2) and depression (GAD-2). The nurses self-reported moderate levels of perceived stress, considerable psychological distress and high resilience. We found resilience to be significantly negatively correlated with the reported levels of perceived stress, anxiety and depression ( p < 0.001). The mediating analysis revealed that resilience played a protective role in the direct relationships of stress with depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. To conclude, our findings supported the hypothesis that resilience mediated the relationship between stress and mental health.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera & Moisés Betancort & C. Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar & Natalia Rodríguez Novo & Carlos De las Cuevas, 2021. "The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-10, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9762-:d:636911
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paula Franklin & Anna Gkiouleka, 2021. "A Scoping Review of Psychosocial Risks to Health Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Ottilia Cassandra Chigwedere & Anvar Sadath & Zubair Kabir & Ella Arensman, 2021. "The Impact of Epidemics and Pandemics on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-35, June.
    3. Kavita Batra & Tejinder Pal Singh & Manoj Sharma & Ravi Batra & Nena Schvaneveldt, 2020. "Investigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-33, December.
    4. Jonathan Fan & Sonja Senthanar & Robert A. Macpherson & Kimberly Sharpe & Cheryl E. Peters & Mieke Koehoorn & Christopher B. McLeod, 2021. "An Umbrella Review of the Work and Health Impacts of Working in an Epidemic/Pandemic Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-20, June.
    5. Nino Stocchetti & Giulia Segre & Elisa R. Zanier & Michele Zanetti & Rita Campi & Francesca Scarpellini & Antonio Clavenna & Maurizio Bonati, 2021. "Burnout in Intensive Care Unit Workers during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Italian Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
    6. Min-Young Kim & Yun-Yi Yang, 2021. "Mental Health Status and Its Influencing Factors: The Case of Nurses Working in COVID-19 Hospitals in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-8, June.
    7. Lara Guedes de Pinho & Francisco Sampaio & Carlos Sequeira & Laetitia Teixeira & César Fonseca & Manuel José Lopes, 2021. "Portuguese Nurses’ Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Reduction Strategies during the COVID-19 Outbreak," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-11, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mats Nylén-Eriksen & Ann Kristin Bjørnnes & Hege Hafstad & Irene Lie & Ellen Karine Grov & Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera, 2022. "Validating the Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera & Moisés Betancort & Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar & Natalia Rodríguez-Novo & Ottar Bjerkeset & Carlos De las Cuevas, 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    3. Andrzej Piotrowski & Ewa Sygit-Kowalkowska & Ole Boe & Samir Rawat, 2022. "Resilience, Occupational Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Intention to Leave the Organization among Nurses and Midwives during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-16, June.
    4. Anita Padmanabhanunni & Tyrone Pretorius, 2023. "The Resilience of South African School Teachers in the Time of COVID-19: Coping with Risk of Infection, Loneliness, and Anxiety," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-12, February.
    5. Roxana Schwab & Kathrin Stewen & Tanja Kottmann & Susanne Theis & Tania Elger & Bashar Haj Hamoud & Mona W. Schmidt & Katharina Anic & Walburgis Brenner & Annette Hasenburg, 2022. "Determinants of Pain-Induced Disability in German Women with Endometriosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-21, July.

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