IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i3p1154-d729675.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Nurses during the First Eleven Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Barbara Ślusarska

    (Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Józef Nowicki

    (Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland)

  • Barbara Niedorys-Karczmarczyk

    (Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Chrzan-Rodak

    (Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland)

Abstract

The high risk of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection can increase the physical and psychological strain on nurses in professional practice, which can lead to mental health problems. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to establish and estimate the combined incidence of depression and anxiety among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic using standard measurement tools. A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS was carried out to identify cross-sectional studies in the period from 3 March 2020 to 18 February 2021. Two reviewers independently and critically evaluated the studies which have been included, using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist. We have identified twenty-three studies ( n = 44,165) from nine countries. The combined incidence of depression among nurses was 22% (95% CI 0.15–0.30, I 2 = 99.71%), and anxiety symptoms 29% (95%CI 0.18–0.40, I 2 = 99.92%). No significant difference was observed in the percentage of depression and anxiety between the study subjects working on the frontlines vs. those in a mixed group (those working on the frontlines and behind the lines). This meta-analysis shows that over one-fifth of nurses in professional practice during the COVID-19 epidemic suffer from depression disorders, and almost one-third experience anxiety symptoms. This underscores the importance of providing comprehensive psychological support strategies for nurses working in pandemic conditions. Further longitudinal research is necessary to assess the severity of mental health symptoms related to the COVID-19 epidemic factor.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara Ślusarska & Grzegorz Józef Nowicki & Barbara Niedorys-Karczmarczyk & Agnieszka Chrzan-Rodak, 2022. "Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Nurses during the First Eleven Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1154-:d:729675
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1154/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1154/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Antonio Lasalvia & Luca Bodini & Francesco Amaddeo & Stefano Porru & Angela Carta & Ranieri Poli & Chiara Bonetto, 2021. "The Sustained Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers One Year after the Outbreak—A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey in a Tertiary Hospital of North-East Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Shamona Maharaj & Ty Lees & Sara Lal, 2018. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in a Cohort of Australian Nurses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera & Moisés Betancort & Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar & Natalia Rodríguez-Novo & Ottar Bjerkeset & Carlos De las Cuevas, 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Grzegorz Józef Nowicki & Barbara Ślusarska & Bożena Zboina & Aneta Jędrzejewska & Marzena Kotus, 2022. "Factors Predicting Post-Traumatic Positive and Negative Psychological Changes Experienced by Nurses during a Pandemic COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Alejandro Dominguez-Rodriguez & Reyna Jazmín Martínez-Arriaga & Paulina Erika Herdoiza-Arroyo & Eduardo Bautista-Valerio & Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez & Rosa Olimpia Castellanos Vargas & Laura Lacomba-Tre, 2022. "E-Health Psychological Intervention for COVID-19 Healthcare Workers: Protocol for its Implementation and Evaluation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-20, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yushi Lu & Zhi Li & Yuting Fan & Jin Wang & Tian Zhong & Ling Wang & Ying Xiao & Dongmei Zhang & Qingsong Chen & Xi Yu, 2022. "The Mediating Role of Cumulative Fatigue on the Association between Occupational Stress and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study among 1327 Chinese Primary Healthcare Professionals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Patricia Concheiro-Moscoso & Betania Groba & Francisco José Martínez-Martínez & María del Carmen Miranda-Duro & Laura Nieto-Riveiro & Thais Pousada & Cristina Queirós & Javier Pereira, 2021. "Study for the Design of a Protocol to Assess the Impact of Stress in the Quality of Life of Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-11, February.
    3. Beatrice Thielmann & Julia Schnell & Irina Böckelmann & Heiko Schumann, 2022. "Analysis of Work Related Factors, Behavior, Well-Being Outcome, and Job Satisfaction of Workers of Emergency Medical Service: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Hsiu-Fen Hsieh & Yi Liu & Hsin-Tien Hsu & Shu-Ching Ma & Hsiu-Hung Wang & Chih-Hung Ko, 2021. "Relations between Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Psychiatric Nurses: The Mediating Effects of Sleep Quality and Occupational Burnout," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-9, July.
    5. Lucyna Gieniusz-Wojczyk & Józefa Dąbek & Halina Kulik, 2021. "Risky Behaviour among Nurses in Poland: An Analysis of Nurses’ Physical Condition, Mental Health, and Resilience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    6. Na Li & Lichuan Zhang & Xuejing Li & Qian Lu, 2022. "Moderated Role of Social Support in the Relationship between Job Strain, Burnout, and Organizational Commitment among Operating Room Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, August.
    7. Ngqabutho Moyo & Anita D. Bhappu & Moment Bhebhe & Farai Ncube, 2022. "Perceived Risk of COVID-19 and Employee Decision-Making: How Psychological Distress during the Pandemic Increases Negative Performance Outcomes among Healthcare Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-16, June.
    8. Sara Gostoli & Angelica D’Oronzo & Carlotta Malaguti & Francesco Guolo & Cristian Balducci & Regina Subach & Vittorio Lodi & Carmine Petio & Chiara Rafanelli, 2023. "Psychopathological Burden among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic Compared to the Pre-Pandemic Period," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(24), pages 1-13, December.
    9. Yixuan Liu & Xinyan Yang & Yinghui Wu & Yanling Xu & Yiwei Zhong & Shujuan Yang, 2023. "The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Adults Aged 35–60 Years: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-Being and Life Satisfaction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-13, January.
    10. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Walter Ricciardi & Massimo Antonelli, 2020. "Occupational Stress and Mental Health among Anesthetists during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, November.
    11. Maria Karanikola & Meropi Mpouzika & Elizabeth Papathanassoglou & Katerina Kaikoushi & Anna Hatzioannou & Ioannis Leontiou & Chris Livadiotis & Nicos Christophorou & Andreas Chatzittofis, 2022. "Work-Related Traumatic Stress Response in Nurses Employed in COVID-19 Settings," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-15, September.
    12. Alice Fattori & Anna Comotti & Sara Mazzaracca & Dario Consonni & Lorenzo Bordini & Elisa Colombo & Paolo Brambilla & Matteo Bonzini, 2023. "Long-Term Trajectory and Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers’ Mental Health during COVID-19 Pandemic: A 24 Month Longitudinal Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-14, March.
    13. Natalia Budzyńska & Joanna Moryś, 2023. "Anxiety and Depression Levels and Coping Strategies among Polish Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-16, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1154-:d:729675. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.