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Different Curve Shapes of Fasting Glucose and Various Obesity-Related Indices by Diabetes and Sex

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  • Wei-Lun Wen

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
    Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

  • Pei-Yu Wu

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

  • Jiun-Chi Huang

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

  • Hung-Pin Tu

    (Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

  • Szu-Chia Chen

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

Abstract

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and obesity-related indices are prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in both subjects with and without diabetes. A few studies have investigated sex differences in obesity indices related to the risk of diabetes, however no studies have compared the relationship between FPG and obesity-related indices by diabetes and sex. Therefore, in this study, we compared the curve shapes of FPG and various obesity-related indices by diabetes, and further explored sex differences in these associations. Data were derived from the Taiwan Biobank database, which included 5000 registered individuals. We used an adjusted generalized linear regression model and calculated the difference of least square means (Lsmean; standard error, SE) for males and females with and without diabetes. Associations between obesity-related indices and fasting glucose level by diabetes and sex groups were estimated, and the ORTHOREG procedure was used to construct B-splines. The post-fitting for linear models procedure was used to determine the range at which the trends separated significantly. The diabetes/sex/FPG interaction term was significant for all obesity-related indices, including body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, lipid accumulation product, body roundness index, conicity index, body adiposity index and abdominal volume index. B-spline comparisons between males and females did not reach significance. However, FPG affected the trend towards obesity-related indices. As the fasting glucose level increased, the values of obesity-related indices varied more obviously in the participants without diabetes than in those with diabetes mellitus. The current study revealed that there was a different relationship between FPG and obesity-related indices by diabetes and sex. FPG affected the trend towards obesity-related indices more obviously in participants without diabetes than in those with diabetes. Further studies with a longitudinal design would provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms for the relationships.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei-Lun Wen & Pei-Yu Wu & Jiun-Chi Huang & Hung-Pin Tu & Szu-Chia Chen, 2021. "Different Curve Shapes of Fasting Glucose and Various Obesity-Related Indices by Diabetes and Sex," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:6:p:3096-:d:519024
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maximilian Tremmel & Ulf-G. Gerdtham & Peter M. Nilsson & Sanjib Saha, 2017. "Economic Burden of Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, April.
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