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Risk and Resilience: How Is the Health of Older Adults and Immigrant People Living in Canada Impacted by Climate- and Air Pollution-Related Exposures?

Author

Listed:
  • McKenzie H. Tilstra

    (School of Public Health, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada)

  • Ishwar Tiwari

    (School of Public Health, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada)

  • Leigh Niwa

    (Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada)

  • Sandra Campbell

    (School of Public Health, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada)

  • Charlene C. Nielsen

    (School of Public Health, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada)

  • C. Allyson Jones

    (Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada)

  • Alvaro Osornio Vargas

    (Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada)

  • Okan Bulut

    (Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada)

  • Bernadette Quemerais

    (Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada)

  • Jordana Salma

    (Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada)

  • Kyle Whitfield

    (School of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton , AB T6G 2E3, Canada)

  • Shelby S. Yamamoto

    (School of Public Health, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada)

Abstract

Background: In the rapidly shifting Canadian climate, an ageing population, and increased migration, a greater understanding of how local climate and air pollution hazards impact older adults and immigrant populations will be necessary for mitigating and adapting to adverse health impacts. Objectives: To explore the reported health impacts of climate change and air pollution exposures in older adults and immigrant people living in Canada, identify known factors influencing risk and resilience in these populations and gaps in the literature. Methods: We searched for research focused on older adults and immigrants living in Canada, published from 2010 onward, where the primary exposures were related to climate or air pollution. We extracted data on setting, exposures, health outcomes, and other relevant contextual factors. Results and Discussion: We identified 52 eligible studies, most focused in Ontario and Quebec. Older people in Canada experience health risks due to climate and air pollution exposures. The extent of the risk depends on multiple factors. We found little information about the climate- and air pollution-related health impacts experienced by immigrant communities. Conclusions: Further research about climate- and air pollution-related exposures, health, and which factors promote or reduce resiliency in Canada’s older adults and immigrant communities is necessary.

Suggested Citation

  • McKenzie H. Tilstra & Ishwar Tiwari & Leigh Niwa & Sandra Campbell & Charlene C. Nielsen & C. Allyson Jones & Alvaro Osornio Vargas & Okan Bulut & Bernadette Quemerais & Jordana Salma & Kyle Whitfield, 2021. "Risk and Resilience: How Is the Health of Older Adults and Immigrant People Living in Canada Impacted by Climate- and Air Pollution-Related Exposures?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10575-:d:652582
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anna Alberini & Will Gans & Mustapha Alhassan, 2011. "Individual and Public-Program Adaptation: Coping with Heat Waves in Five Cities in Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-23, December.
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    3. Courtney J. Ward, 2015. "It's an ill wind: The effect of fine particulate air pollution on respiratory hospitalizations," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1694-1732, December.
    4. Kosatsky, T. & Henderson, S.B. & Pollock, S.L., 2012. "Shifts in mortality during a hot weather event in Vancouver, British columbia: Rapid assessment with case-only analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(12), pages 2367-2371.
    5. Xiaoming Wang & Warren Kindzierski & Padma Kaul, 2015. "Air Pollution and Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospital Admission in Alberta, Canada: A Three-Step Procedure Case-Crossover Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(7), pages 1-15, July.
    6. Courtney J. Ward, 2015. "It's an ill wind: The effect of fine particulate air pollution on respiratory hospitalizations," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(5), pages 1694-1732, December.
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    1. Lawrence A. Palinkas & Jessenia De Leon & Kexin Yu & Erika Salinas & Cecilia Fernandez & Jill Johnston & Md Mostafijur Rahman & Sam J. Silva & Michael Hurlburt & Rob S. McConnell & Erika Garcia, 2023. "Adaptation Resources and Responses to Wildfire Smoke and Other Forms of Air Pollution in Low-Income Urban Settings: A Mixed-Methods Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-16, April.

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