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Animal Assisted Interventions in the Green Care Framework: A Literature Review

Author

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  • Morgana Galardi

    (National Reference Centre for Animal Assisted Interventions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
    Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy)

  • Marta De Santis

    (National Reference Centre for Animal Assisted Interventions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Roberta Moruzzo

    (Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy)

  • Franco Mutinelli

    (National Reference Centre for Animal Assisted Interventions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Laura Contalbrigo

    (National Reference Centre for Animal Assisted Interventions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

Abstract

Green Care (GC) and Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) are recognised practices useful to enhance the wellbeing of people through interaction with nature and animals. This study aims at understanding the interconnections between GC and AAI by analysing deeply which interaction with animals is conducted. Therefore, we carried out a literature search through Web of Science and Google Scholar that allowed retrieval of 993 records; after the PRISMA selection process, 42 were included. Relevant information was extracted: year of publication, geographical location, objectives, settings in agricultural environment, animal species, characteristics of users involved, type of human–animal interaction, coexistence of other activities without animals, animal health and welfare issues. From the review emerged that research on GC with animals is common in high-income countries and that the line between AAI and occupational therapy is often vague. Moreover, the most common setting for these interventions appears to be the farm, and frequently animals involved are not selected according to their ethological characteristics. Users in this context are extremely various and not only involved in activities with animals. Within the included studies, we noted a lack in the consideration of animal welfare that indicates the need for increased awareness among practitioners and a more ethical approach when animals are involved.

Suggested Citation

  • Morgana Galardi & Marta De Santis & Roberta Moruzzo & Franco Mutinelli & Laura Contalbrigo, 2021. "Animal Assisted Interventions in the Green Care Framework: A Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-14, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9431-:d:630405
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ragnfrid Eline Kogstad & Rita Agdal & Mark Steven Hopfenbeck, 2014. "Narratives of Natural Recovery: Youth Experience of Social Inclusion through Green Care," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-17, June.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    3. Jan Hassink & Lenneke Vaandrager & Yvette Buist & Simone de Bruin, 2019. "Characteristics and Challenges for the Development of Nature-Based Adult Day Services in Urban Areas for People with Dementia and Their Family Caregivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Gorman, Richard, 2019. "Thinking critically about health and human-animal relations: Therapeutic affect within spaces of care farming," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 6-12.
    5. Marina García-Llorente & Radha Rubio-Olivar & Inés Gutierrez-Briceño, 2018. "Farming for Life Quality and Sustainability: A Literature Review of Green Care Research Trends in Europe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, June.
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