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High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in Healthy, Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies

Author

Listed:
  • Rhona Martin-Smith

    (Movement Behaviours, Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK)

  • Ashley Cox

    (Movement Behaviours, Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK)

  • Duncan S. Buchan

    (Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland Lanarkshire Campus Lanarkshire, Scotland G72 0LH, UK)

  • Julien S. Baker

    (Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Fergal Grace

    (School of Health & Life Sciences, Federation University, Mt Helen, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia)

  • Nicholas Sculthorpe

    (Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland Lanarkshire Campus Lanarkshire, Scotland G72 0LH, UK)

Abstract

Background : High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a sustainable and effective method for improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in adolescents. HIIT is proven to produce equal or greater improvements in CRF when compared to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in adolescents. Methods : The studies included were considered eligible if: (1) Participants were adolescents (11–18 years old); (2) Examined changes in CRF measured either directly or indirectly; (3) Included a non-exercising control group or MICE comparison group; (4) Participants were matched at enrolment; (5) Reported HIIT protocol information; (6) Provided HIIT intensity. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of HIIT on CRF. Meta-regression and moderator analyses were performed out to quantitatively examine moderators of protocol design on CRF improvements. Results : HIIT displays a moderate effect to improve CRF ( g = 0.86, 95% CI 0.518–1.106, p < 0.001). Neither study duration (weeks), nor total or weekly accumulated HIIT volume (min) displayed any significant moderation effect on pooled improvement on CRF ( p > 0.05). Conclusions : HIIT is an effective method to improve CRF in adolescents, irrespective of body composition. Notably, meta regression analysis identified that prolonged high volume HIIT programs are similarly effective to short term low volume HIIT programs. This becomes of particular interest for those involved in school curricula, where short HIIT exercise may provide a pragmatic adjunct to the health benefits of Physical Education (PE) lessons.

Suggested Citation

  • Rhona Martin-Smith & Ashley Cox & Duncan S. Buchan & Julien S. Baker & Fergal Grace & Nicholas Sculthorpe, 2020. "High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in Healthy, Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2955-:d:350167
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    1. Jarosław Domaradzki & Dawid Koźlenia & Marek Popowczak, 2022. "The Mediation Role of Fatness in Associations between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Blood Pressure after High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, February.
    2. André Ramalho & João Petrica, 2023. "Knowledge in Motion: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence-Based Human Kinetics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Meng Cao & Yucheng Tang & Shu Li & Yu Zou, 2021. "Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obesity Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Xin Tian & Jian Fu & Jiaxue Tian & Yu Yang & Wenjie Liang & Wencui Fan & Renqing Zhao, 2021. "The Efficacy of Brief School-Based Exercise Programs in Improving Pubertal Bone Mass and Physical Fitness: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-13, September.
    5. Silas Gabriel de Oliveira-Nunes & Alex Castro & Amanda Veiga Sardeli & Claudia Regina Cavaglieri & Mara Patricia Traina Chacon-Mikahil, 2021. "HIIT vs. SIT: What Is the Better to Improve V ˙ O 2 max? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Jarosław Domaradzki & Dawid Koźlenia & Marek Popowczak, 2022. "Prognostic Potential of the Body Composition Indices in Predicting Positive Changes in Resting Blood Pressure after High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-13, November.
    7. Zhicheng Guo & Jianguang Cai & Ziqiang Wu & Weiqi Gong, 2022. "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Fasting in the Treatment of Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-20, April.
    8. Juliana Monique Lino Aparecido & Marcelo Luis Marquezi & Hellyelson Lopes de Omena Couto & Thais Miriã da Silva Santos & Alison Fabiano Cunha Cruz & Nayara Barbosa Lopes & Marcelo Santin Cascapera & V, 2022. "Six HIT Sessions Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Flexibility in Insulin Resistant and Insulin Sensitive Adolescents with Obesity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-12, August.

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