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School-based high-intensity interval training programs in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Stephanie L Duncombe
  • Alan R Barker
  • Bert Bond
  • Renae Earle
  • Jo Varley-Campbell
  • Dimitris Vlachopoulos
  • Jacqueline L Walker
  • Kathryn L Weston
  • Michalis Stylianou

Abstract

Purpose: 1) To investigate the effectiveness of school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions in promoting health outcomes of children and adolescents compared with either a control group or other exercise modality; and 2) to explore the intervention characteristics and process outcomes of published school-based HIIT interventions. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science from inception until 31 March 2021. Studies were eligible if 1) participants aged 5–17 years old; 2) a HIIT intervention within a school setting ≥ 2 weeks duration; 3) a control or comparative exercise group; 4) health-related, cognitive, physical activity, nutrition, or program evaluation outcomes; and 5) original research published in English. We conducted meta-analyses between HIIT and control groups for all outcomes with ≥ 4 studies and meta-regressions for all outcomes with ≥ 10 studies. We narratively synthesised results between HIIT and comparative exercise groups. Results: Fifty-four papers met eligibility criteria, encompassing 42 unique studies (35 randomised controlled trials; 36 with a high risk of bias). Meta-analyses indicated significant improvements in waist circumference (mean difference (MD) = -2.5cm), body fat percentage (MD = -1.7%), body mass index (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -1.0), cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD = +1.0), resting heart rate (MD = -5bpm), homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance (MD = -0.7), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = -0.9) for HIIT compared to the control group. Our narrative synthesis indicated mixed findings between HIIT and other comparative exercise groups. Conclusion: School-based HIIT is effective for improving several health outcomes. Future research should address the paucity of information on physical activity and nutrition outcomes and focus on the integration and long-term effectiveness of HIIT interventions within school settings. Trial registration number: PROSPERO CRD42018117567.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephanie L Duncombe & Alan R Barker & Bert Bond & Renae Earle & Jo Varley-Campbell & Dimitris Vlachopoulos & Jacqueline L Walker & Kathryn L Weston & Michalis Stylianou, 2022. "School-based high-intensity interval training programs in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(5), pages 1-27, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0266427
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266427
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira & Tony Meireles Santos & Marcus Kilpatrick & Flávio Oliveira Pires & Andréa Camaz Deslandes, 2018. "Affective and enjoyment responses in high intensity interval training and continuous training: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Meng Cao & Minghui Quan & Jie Zhuang, 2019. "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-13, April.
    3. repec:plo:pone00:0125166 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Rhona Martin-Smith & Ashley Cox & Duncan S. Buchan & Julien S. Baker & Fergal Grace & Nicholas Sculthorpe, 2020. "High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in Healthy, Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-20, April.
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