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Entrepreneurial, Economic, and Social Well-Being Outcomes from an RCT of a Youth Entrepreneurship Education Intervention among Native American Adolescents

Author

Listed:
  • Lauren Tingey

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA)

  • Francene Larzelere

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 308 Kuper St., Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA)

  • Novalene Goklish

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 308 Kuper St., Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA)

  • Summer Rosenstock

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA)

  • Larissa Jennings Mayo-Wilson

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
    Department of Applied Health Science, Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA)

  • Elliott Pablo

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 308 Kuper St., Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA)

  • Warren Goklish

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 308 Kuper St., Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA)

  • Ryan Grass

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 308 Kuper St., Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA)

  • Feather Sprengeler

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 308 Kuper St., Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA)

  • Sean Parker

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 308 Kuper St., Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA)

  • Allison Ingalls

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA)

  • Mariddie Craig

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 308 Kuper St., Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA)

  • Allison Barlow

    (Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA)

Abstract

Background: Entrepreneurship education has demonstrated positive impacts in low-resource contexts. However, there is limited evidence of such programs evaluated among Native American (NA) youth in a rural reservation. Methods: A 2:1 randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of the Arrowhead Business Group (ABG) entrepreneurship education program on entrepreneurship knowledge, economic empowerment, and social well-being among 394 NA youth. An intent to treat analysis using mixed effects regression models examined within and between study group differences from baseline to 24 months. An interaction term measured change in the intervention relative to change in the control. ABG participants were purposively sampled to conduct focus groups and in-depth interviews. Results: Significant intervention vs. control group improvements were sustained at 12 months for entrepreneurship knowledge and economic confidence/security. Significant within-group improvements were sustained for ABG participants at 24 months for connectedness to parents, school, and awareness of connectedness. Qualitative data endorses positive impacts on social well-being among ABG participants. Conclusion: Observed effects on entrepreneurship knowledge, economic empowerment, and connectedness, supplemented by the experiences and changes as described by the youth themselves, demonstrates how a strength-based youth entrepreneurship intervention focused on developing assets and resources may be an innovative approach to dually address health and economic disparities endured in Native American communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Lauren Tingey & Francene Larzelere & Novalene Goklish & Summer Rosenstock & Larissa Jennings Mayo-Wilson & Elliott Pablo & Warren Goklish & Ryan Grass & Feather Sprengeler & Sean Parker & Allison Inga, 2020. "Entrepreneurial, Economic, and Social Well-Being Outcomes from an RCT of a Youth Entrepreneurship Education Intervention among Native American Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2383-:d:339502
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Whitesell, N.R. & Beals, J. & Mitchell, C.M. & Novins, D.K. & Spicer, P. & O'Connell, J. & Manson, S.M., 2007. "Marijuana initiation in 2 American Indian reservation communities: Comparison with a national sample," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(7), pages 1311-1318.
    2. Cwik, M.F. & Tingey, L. & Maschino, A. & Goklish, N. & Larzelere-Hinton, F. & Walkup, J. & Barlow, A., 2016. "Decreases in suicide deaths and attempts linked to the white mountain apache suicide surveillance and prevention system, 2001-2012," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(12), pages 2183-2189.
    3. Abhijit Banerjee & Esther Duflo & Rachel Glennerster & Cynthia Kinnan, 2015. "The Miracle of Microfinance? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 7(1), pages 22-53, January.
    4. Naila Kabeer, 1999. "Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women's Empowerment," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 30(3), pages 435-464, July.
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