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Accumulated Disadvantage over the Lower Secondary School Years in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland

Author

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  • Sakari Karvonen

    (Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Laura Kestilä

    (Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Arja Rimpelä

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland)

Abstract

Accumulated disadvantage (AD) is conceptualised here as an agglomeration of unfavourable or prejudicial conditions which in adolescence may compromise the progress to further education or future life chances. There are several theories on AD, suggesting, e.g., (1) an increase of AD by age and (2) trajectories (previous disadvantage predicts later disadvantage). Social pathways theory suggests that (3) a third factor (e.g., socioeconomic position, SEP) mediates or moderates the association between early and later disadvantage, while other theories imply (4) polarisation (a strengthening association between AD and SEP by age) or (5) equalisation (a weakening of association between AD and SEP). We apply these theories to longitudinal data of 7th graders (13 years, N = 5742), followed until the end of the 9th grade. Five dimensions of disadvantage were health (poor self-rated health), social behaviour (poor prosocial behaviour), normative (conduct disorders), educational (poor academic achievement), and economic (parental unemployment). The results show that the prevalence of AD increased over the follow-up as most indicators of disadvantage elevated. AD at the 7th grade predicted later AD, as did the SEP of the students. Moderation of AD by SEP was also observed. The study corroborates with hypotheses on increase of AD, trajectory, and social pathways but no signs of polarisation or equalisation were observed.

Suggested Citation

  • Sakari Karvonen & Laura Kestilä & Arja Rimpelä, 2020. "Accumulated Disadvantage over the Lower Secondary School Years in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2290-:d:338407
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emma Bassett & Spencer Moore, 2013. "Gender Differences in the Social Pathways Linking Neighborhood Disadvantage to Depressive Symptoms in Adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-8, October.
    2. Crumé, Henry Joel & Nurius, Paula S. & Fleming, Christopher M., 2019. "Cumulative adversity profiles among youth experiencing housing and parental care instability," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 129-135.
    3. West, Patrick, 1997. "Health inequalities in the early years: Is there equalisation in youth?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 44(6), pages 833-858, March.
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