IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i20p7418-d426599.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of Income Level and Perception of Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 on Stay-at-Home Preventive Behavior in a Group of Older Adults in Mexico City

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Esther Irigoyen-Camacho

    (Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico)

  • Maria Consuelo Velazquez-Alva

    (Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico)

  • Marco Antonio Zepeda-Zepeda

    (Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico)

  • Maria Fernanda Cabrer-Rosales

    (Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico)

  • Irina Lazarevich

    (Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico)

  • Antonio Castaño-Seiquer

    (Director of The Master Program of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Street Avicenna, 41009 Sevilla, Spain)

Abstract

Early information on public health behaviors adopted to prevent the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) may be useful in controlling the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. The objective of this study was to assess the role of income level (IL) and the perception of older adults, regarding COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, on adopting stay-at-home preventive behavior during the first week of the outbreak in Mexico. Participants in this cross-sectional study were urban community dwellers, aged ≥ 65 years from Mexico City. A total of 380 interviews were conducted over the phone. The mean respondent age was 72.9 years, and 76.1% were women. Over half (54.2%) of the participants perceived their susceptibility to COVID-19 as very low or low. Similarly, 33.4% perceived COVID-19 severity as being very low or low, and 57.6% had decided to stay at home: this behavior was associated with IL (β = 1.05, p < 0.001), and its total effect was partially mediated (15.1%) by perceived severity. Educational attainment was also associated with staying at home (β = 0.10, p = 0.018) and its total effect was partially mediated (15.0%) by perceived susceptibility. Interventions aimed at low income and less educated older adults should be developed to improve preventive behaviors in this vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Esther Irigoyen-Camacho & Maria Consuelo Velazquez-Alva & Marco Antonio Zepeda-Zepeda & Maria Fernanda Cabrer-Rosales & Irina Lazarevich & Antonio Castaño-Seiquer, 2020. "Effect of Income Level and Perception of Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 on Stay-at-Home Preventive Behavior in a Group of Older Adults in Mexico City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:20:p:7418-:d:426599
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7418/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7418/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Diego de Leo & Marco Trabucchi, 2020. "COVID-19 and the Fears of Italian Senior Citizens," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-5, May.
    2. Tracey L. O’Sullivan & Karen P. Phillips, 2019. "From SARS to pandemic influenza: the framing of high-risk populations," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 98(1), pages 103-117, August.
    3. Lowcock, E.C. & Rosella, L.C. & Foisy, J. & McGeer, A. & Crowcroft, N., 2012. "The social determinants of health and pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza severity," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(8), pages 51-58.
    4. Maarten L. Buis, 2010. "Direct and indirect effects in a logit model," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 10(1), pages 11-29, March.
    5. Marcin Hitczenko, 2016. "The influence of gender and income on the household division of financial responsibility," Working Papers 16-20, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    6. Ross, Catherine E. & Mirowsky, John, 2006. "Sex differences in the effect of education on depression: Resource multiplication or resource substitution?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(5), pages 1400-1413, September.
    7. Hamed Taherdoost, 2016. "Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research," Post-Print hal-02546799, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bayarmagnai Weinstein & Alan R. da Silva & Dimitrios E. Kouzoukas & Tanima Bose & Gwang Jin Kim & Paola A. Correa & Santhi Pondugula & YoonJung Lee & Jihoo Kim & David O. Carpenter, 2021. "Precision Mapping of COVID-19 Vulnerable Locales by Epidemiological and Socioeconomic Risk Factors, Developed Using South Korean Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Sadiqa, Bibi Aisha, 2023. "Overcoming Vaccine Skepticism in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study of Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors towards COVID-19 Vaccination," MPRA Paper 116204, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 25 Jan 2023.
    3. Annika H. Davidsen & Maria S. Petersen, 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Mental Well-Being and Working Life among Faroese Employees," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-14, April.
    4. Peng-Wei Wang & Yi-Lung Chen & Yu-Ping Chang & Chia-Fen Wu & Wei-Hsin Lu & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2021. "Sources of COVID-19-Related Information in People with Various Levels of Risk Perception and Preventive Behaviors in Taiwan: A Latent Profile Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
    5. Bobo H. P. Lau & Mike K. T. Cheung & Lucian T. H. Chan & Cecilia L. W. Chan & Pamela P. Y. Leung, 2021. "Resilience in the Storm: Impacts of Changed Daily Lifestyles on Mental Health in Persons with Chronic Illnesses under the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-14, May.
    6. Maayan Shacham & Lee Greenblatt-Kimron & Yaira Hamama-Raz & Leslie R. Martin & Oren Peleg & Menachem Ben-Ezra & Eitan Mijiritsky, 2021. "Increased COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy and Health Awareness amid COVID-19 Vaccinations Programs in Israel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-11, April.
    7. Bonny Yee-Man Wong & Tai-Hing Lam & Agnes Yuen-Kwan Lai & Man Ping Wang & Sai-Yin Ho, 2021. "Perceived Benefits and Harms of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Well-Being and Their Sociodemographic Disparities in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14, January.
    8. Ceren Hayran & Lalin Anik, 2021. "Well-Being and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) on Digital Content in the Time of COVID-19: A Correlational Analysis among University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
    9. Yunjuan Luo & Yang Cheng & Mingxiao Sui, 2021. "The Moderating Effects of Perceived Severity on the Generational Gap in Preventive Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    10. Andrzej Robert Skrzypczak & Emil Andrzej Karpiński & Natalia Maja Józefacka & Robert Podstawski, 2022. "Impact of Personal Experience of COVID-19 Disease on Recreational Anglers’ Attitudes and Behaviors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-17, December.
    11. Pilar Bas-Sarmiento & María José Lamas-Toranzo & Martina Fernández-Gutiérrez & Miriam Poza-Méndez, 2022. "Health Literacy, Misinformation, Self-Perceived Risk and Fear, and Preventive Measures Related to COVID-19 in Spanish University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-18, November.
    12. Dilyara Nabirova & Ryszhan Taubayeva & Ainur Maratova & Alden Henderson & Sayagul Nassyrova & Marhzan Kalkanbayeva & Sevak Alaverdyan & Manar Smagul & Scott Levy & Aizhan Yesmagambetova & Daniel Singe, 2022. "Factors Associated with an Outbreak of COVID-19 in Oilfield Workers, Kazakhstan, 2020," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-16, March.
    13. Yazmín Hernández-Díaz & Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza & Ana Fresán & Thelma Beatriz González-Castro & Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate & Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop & María Lilia López-Narváez & José Jaime Mart, 2021. "Knowledge, Emotions and Stressors in Front-Line Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-11, May.
    14. Dian-Jeng Li & Nai-Ying Ko & Yu-Ping Chang & Cheng-Fang Yen & Yi-Lung Chen, 2021. "Mediating Effects of Risk Perception on Association between Social Support and Coping with COVID-19: An Online Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    15. Mario Antonio Téllez-González & Juan Antonio Pineda-Juárez & Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca & Mónica Escamilla-Tilch & Daniel Santillán-Cortez & Silvia García & Sofía Lizeth Alcaraz-Estrada & Juan Carlos , 2022. "Epidemiological Profile and Social Welfare Index as Factors Associated with COVID-19 Hospitalization and Severity in Mexico City: A Retrospective Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-13, November.
    16. Carmen María Sarabia-Cobo & Aroa Delgado Uria & Marta García Lecue & Eva Izaguirre Palazuelos & César Martínez Ruiz & Ángela Fernández-Rodríguez, 2021. "Predictive Model of Preventive Behaviors against COVID-19 in the Older Adult: The PREASOC-COVID-19 Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-12, October.
    17. Firoza Haffejee & Rivesh Maharajh & Maureen Nokuthula Sibiya, 2023. "Exploring the Lived Experiences of Vulnerable Females from a Low-Resource Setting during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(22), pages 1-12, November.
    18. José Miguel Mansilla Domínguez & Isabel Font Jiménez & Angel Belzunegui Eraso & David Peña Otero & David Díaz Pérez & Ana María Recio Vivas, 2020. "Risk Perception of COVID−19 Community Transmission among the Spanish Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-15, December.
    19. Maribel Jaimes Torres & Mónica Aguilera Portillo & Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches & Ignacio Oteiza & Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín, 2021. "Habitability, Resilience, and Satisfaction in Mexican Homes to COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-36, June.
    20. Stella E. Hines & Katherine H. Chin & Danielle R. Glick & Emerson M. Wickwire, 2021. "Trends in Moral Injury, Distress, and Resilience Factors among Healthcare Workers at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-11, January.
    21. Liliana Cori & Olivia Curzio & Fulvio Adorni & Federica Prinelli & Marianna Noale & Caterina Trevisan & Loredana Fortunato & Andrea Giacomelli & Fabrizio Bianchi, 2021. "Fear of COVID-19 for Individuals and Family Members: Indications from the National Cross-Sectional Study of the EPICOVID19 Web-Based Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-20, March.
    22. Frederick A. J. Simon & Maria Schenk & Denise Palm & Frank Faltraco & Johannes Thome, 2021. "The Collateral Damage of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Mental Health and Psychiatry," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-10, April.
    23. Ana María Rodríguez-López & Susana Rubio-Valdehita & Eva María Díaz-Ramiro, 2021. "Influence of the CoViD-19 Pandemic on Mental Workload and Burnout of Fashion Retailing Workers in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-18, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. María Davia & Nuria Legazpe, 2015. "Educational attainment and maternity in Spain: not only “when” but also “how”," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 871-900, December.
    2. Raymond Hicks & Dustin Tingley, 2011. "Causal mediation analysis," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 11(4), pages 605-619, December.
    3. Katarina Kostelić, 2021. "Game Awareness: A Questionnaire," Games, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-39, December.
    4. Torres, Jacqueline M. & Yahirun, Jenjira J. & Sheehan, Connor & Ma, Mingming & Sáenz, Joseph, 2021. "Adult child socio-economic status disadvantage and cognitive decline among older parents in Mexico," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    5. Osborne, Cynthia & Huffman, Jennifer & Caldera, Selena & Lipton Galbraith, Anna, 2020. "The influence of field-based training on caseworker turnover," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    6. Violetta Luzie Neusuess, 2020. "An Investigation of the Factors Influencing UAE Nationals to undertake Technical and Vocational Education," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 9(1), pages 95-113, July.
    7. Karoline Gomes-Franco & Mario Rivera-Izquierdo & Luis Miguel Martín-delosReyes & Eladio Jiménez-Mejías & Virginia Martínez-Ruiz, 2020. "Explaining the Association between Driver’s Age and the Risk of Causing a Road Crash through Mediation Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-12, December.
    8. Korinek, Kim & Young, Yvette & Teerawichitchainan, Bussarawan & Kim Chuc, Nguyen Thi & Kovnick, Miles & Zimmer, Zachary, 2020. "Is war hard on the heart? Gender, wartime stress and late life cardiovascular conditions in a population of Vietnamese older adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    9. Lifeng Zhang & Roy E. Welsch & Zhi Cao, 2022. "The Transmission, Infection Prevention, and Control during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Retrospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-15, March.
    10. Tara L Upshaw & Chloe Brown & Robert Smith & Melissa Perri & Carolyn Ziegler & Andrew D Pinto, 2021. "Social determinants of COVID-19 incidence and outcomes: A rapid review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, March.
    11. Purohit, Sonal & Paul, Justin & Mishra, Rikee, 2021. "Rethinking the bottom of the pyramid: Towards a new marketing mix," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    12. Davis Bivens, Nicola & Miller, DeMond Shondell, 2022. "Policy for temporary crisis or sustained structural change in an age of disasters, crises, and pandemics," Studia z Polityki Publicznej / Public Policy Studies, Warsaw School of Economics, vol. 9(3), pages 1-19, November.
    13. Jennifer Karas Montez & Kaitlyn Barnes, 2016. "The Benefits of Educational Attainment for U.S. Adult Mortality: Are they Contingent on the Broader Environment?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 35(1), pages 73-100, February.
    14. Elliot M. Friedman & Elizabeth Teas, 2023. "Self-Rated Health and Mortality: Moderation by Purpose in Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(12), pages 1-14, June.
    15. Surajudeen Rotimi ADELAJA & Fatai Oladotun DAHUNSI, 2023. "The Validity and Reliability of Developing Assessment Instruments for Students in Electrical Installation and Maintenance Work: Concentration on Psychomotor Skills Assessment," International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS), vol. 12(08), pages 14-25, August.
    16. Alba Antequera & Daeria O. Lawson & Stephen G. Noorduyn & Omar Dewidar & Marc Avey & Zulfiqar A. Bhutta & Catherine Chamberlain & Holly Ellingwood & Damian Francis & Sarah Funnell & Elizabeth Ghogomu , 2021. "Improving Social Justice in COVID-19 Health Research: Interim Guidelines for Reporting Health Equity in Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-12, September.
    17. Abdulaziz S. Alsolami, 2022. "Teachers of Special Education and Assistive Technology: Teachers’ Perceptions of Knowledge, Competencies and Professional Development," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440221, March.
    18. Edmund Seto & Esther Min & Carolyn Ingram & BJ Cummings & Stephanie A. Farquhar, 2020. "Community-Level Factors Associated with COVID-19 Cases and Testing Equity in King County, Washington," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-13, December.
    19. Mandemakers, Jornt J. & Monden, Christiaan W.S., 2010. "Does education buffer the impact of disability on psychological distress?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 288-297, July.
    20. Sze Yan Liu & Jennifer J Manly & Benjamin D Capistrant & M Maria Glymour, 2015. "Historical Differences in School Term Length and Measured Blood Pressure: Contributions to Persistent Racial Disparities among US-Born Adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-13, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:20:p:7418-:d:426599. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.