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Social Frailty Is Independently Associated with Mood, Nutrition, Physical Performance, and Physical Activity: Insights from a Theory-Guided Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Kalene Pek

    (Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Justin Chew

    (Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Jun Pei Lim

    (Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Suzanne Yew

    (Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Cai Ning Tan

    (Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Audrey Yeo

    (Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Yew Yoong Ding

    (Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Wee Shiong Lim

    (Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

Abstract

Notwithstanding the increasing body of evidence that links social determinants to health outcomes, social frailty is arguably the least explored among the various dimensions of frailty. Using available items from previous studies to derive a social frailty scale as guided by the Bunt social frailty theoretical framework, we aimed to examine the association of social frailty, independently of physical frailty, with salient outcomes of mood, nutrition, physical performance, physical activity, and life–space mobility. We studied 229 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 67.22 years; 72.6% females) who were non-frail (defined by the FRAIL criteria). Using exploratory factor analysis, the resultant 8-item Social Frailty Scale (SFS-8) yielded a three-factor structure comprising social resources, social activities and financial resource, and social need fulfilment (score range: 0–8 points). Social non-frailty (SNF), social pre-frailty (SPF), and social frailty (SF) were defined based on optimal cutoffs, with corresponding prevalence of 63.8%, 28.8%, and 7.4%, respectively. In logistic regression adjusted for significant covariates and physical frailty (Modified Fried criteria), there is an association of SPF with poor physical performance and low physical activity (odds ratio, OR range: 3.10 to 6.22), and SF with depressive symptoms, malnutrition risk, poor physical performance, and low physical activity (OR range: 3.58 to 13.97) compared to SNF. There was no significant association of SPF or SF with life–space mobility. In summary, through a theory-guided approach, our study demonstrates the independent association of social frailty with a comprehensive range of intermediary health outcomes in more robust older adults. A holistic preventative approach to frailty should include upstream interventions that target social frailty to address social gradient and inequalities.

Suggested Citation

  • Kalene Pek & Justin Chew & Jun Pei Lim & Suzanne Yew & Cai Ning Tan & Audrey Yeo & Yew Yoong Ding & Wee Shiong Lim, 2020. "Social Frailty Is Independently Associated with Mood, Nutrition, Physical Performance, and Physical Activity: Insights from a Theory-Guided Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:12:p:4239-:d:371229
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. S. Bunt & N. Steverink & J. Olthof & C. P. Schans & J. S. M. Hobbelen, 2017. "Social frailty in older adults: a scoping review," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 323-334, September.
    2. Johan Ormel & Siegwart Lindenberg & Nardi Steverink & Lois Verbrugge, 1999. "Subjective Well-Being and Social Production Functions," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 61-90, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Seunghye Choi & Hana Ko, 2022. "Social Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-10, September.
    2. Xiaojing Qi & Jie Li, 2022. "The Relationship between Social Frailty and Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Hana Ko, 2021. "Daily Time Use by Activity of Community-Dwelling Older Koreans: Focus on Health Management," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    4. Yoshiaki Nomura & Mieko Shimada & Erika Kakuta & Ayako Okada & Ryoko Otsuka & Yasuko Tomizawa & Chieko Taguchi & Kazumune Arikawa & Hideki Daikoku & Tamotsu Sato & Nobuhiro Hanada, 2020. "Mortality- and Health-Related Factors in a Community-Dwelling of Oldest-Older Adults at the Age of 90: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Young Ko & Kyounga Lee, 2022. "Social Frailty and Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-11, May.
    6. Hana Ko & SuJung Jung, 2021. "Association of Social Frailty with Physical Health, Cognitive Function, Psychological Health, and Life Satisfaction in Community-Dwelling Older Koreans," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-9, January.

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