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Demographic and Environmental Factors Associated with Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study

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  • Jayeun Kim

    (Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Ho Kim

    (Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
    Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

Abstract

Relevant demographic and environmental conditions need to be understood before tailoring policies to improve mental health. Using community health survey data from 25 communities in Seoul, 2013, cross-sectional associations between mental health and community level environments were assessed. Mental health outcomes (self-rated stress levels (SRS) and depressive symptoms (DS)) were analyzed. Community environmental factors included green space, green facilities, and annual PM 10 level (AnnPM 10 ); socio-demographic factors included sex, age, education, labor market participation, comorbidity, sleep hours, physical activity, smoking, and drinking. A total of 23,139 people with the following characteristics participated: men (44.2%); age groups 19−39 (36.0%), 40−59 (39.4%), 60−74 (19.2%), and 75+ (5.4%). Women had higher odds ratios (OR) for SRS [OR 1.22, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.27] and DS [OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.42–1.71]. Regular physical activity predicted SRS [OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.95] and DS [OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.88–1.10]; current smoking and drinking were adversely associated with both SRS and DS. Higher accessibility to green space (Q4) was inversely associated with DS [OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81−0.97] compared to lower accessibility (Q1). AnnPM 10 , annual levels for particles of aerodynamic diameter <10 µm (PM 10 ), among communities was associated with poorer SRS [OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04] by 10 μg/m 3 increases. Therefore, both demographic and environmental factors should be considered to understand mental health conditions among the general population.

Suggested Citation

  • Jayeun Kim & Ho Kim, 2017. "Demographic and Environmental Factors Associated with Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:4:p:431-:d:96048
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jens Hoebel & Ulrike E Maske & Hajo Zeeb & Thomas Lampert, 2017. "Social Inequalities and Depressive Symptoms in Adults: The Role of Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Ailshire, Jennifer & Karraker, Amelia & Clarke, Philippa, 2017. "Neighborhood social stressors, fine particulate matter air pollution, and cognitive function among older U.S. adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 56-63.
    3. Trudel-Fitzgerald, C. & Chen, Y. & Singh, A. & Okereke, O.I. & Kubzansky, L.D., 2016. "Psychiatric, psychological, and social determinants of health in the nurses' health study cohorts," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(9), pages 1644-1649.
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    2. Hyun Jin Lee & Dong Kun Lee, 2019. "Do Sociodemographic Factors and Urban Green Space Affect Mental Health Outcomes Among the Urban Elderly Population?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-13, March.
    3. Hao-Ting Chang & Chih-Da Wu & Wen-Chi Pan & Shih-Chun Candice Lung & Huey-Jen Su, 2019. "Association Between Surrounding Greenness and Schizophrenia: A Taiwanese Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
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    5. Dorota Kleszczewska & Agnieszka Małkowska Szkutnik & Jadwiga Siedlecka & Joanna Mazur, 2019. "Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviours and Duration of Sleep as Factors Affecting the Well-Being of Young People against the Background of Environmental Moderators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Hyeonjin Song & Kevin James Lane & Honghyok Kim & Hyomi Kim & Garam Byun & Minh Le & Yongsoo Choi & Chan Ryul Park & Jong-Tae Lee, 2019. "Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-13, January.
    7. Minjae Choi & Yo Han Lee, 2020. "Regional Variation of Suicide Mortality in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-8, July.
    8. Mduduzi Biyase & Tajul Ariffin Masron & Talent Zwane & Thomas Bilaliib Udimal & Frederich Kirsten, 2023. "Ecological Footprint and Population Health Outcomes: Evidence from E7 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.

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