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Subjective and Objective Consequences of Stress in Subjects with Subjectively Different Sleep Quality—A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Beatrice Thielmann

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
    Shared first authorship.)

  • Robin Sebastian Schierholz

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
    Shared first authorship.)

  • Irina Böckelmann

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany)

Abstract

Background: Restful sleep plays an important role in long-term health and occupational safety. Heart rate variability (HRV) is used as stress indicator. The aim of this study was to determine whether HRV at rest or during sleep, as an objective indicator of stress, reflects subjectively assessed sleep quality. Methods: 84 subjects (37.3 ± 15.6 years) were classified into good sleepers and poor sleepers based on the results of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The cut-off value to distinguish between good and bad sleepers recommended by Buysse et al. 1989 is >5. Mental health status was determined using the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A 24 h electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for HRV analysis (total and 6 h night phase). Results: The poor sleepers showed a significantly lower mental health status ( p = 0.004). The multifactorial variance analysis of the total phase time parameters Min HR ( p = 0.032, η 2 = 0.056) and SI ( p = 0.015, η 2 = 0.072) showed significant interaction effects. In the 6h night phase, significant interaction effects were found for SDNN ( p = 0.036, η 2 = 0.065) and SD2 ( p = 0.033, η 2 = 0.067). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between HRV and stress and a positive correlation between HRV and mental health. Conclusions: Although this study did not demonstrate a direct relationship between sleep quality and HRV, it was shown that there are important connections between sleep quality and mental health, and between HRV and mental health.

Suggested Citation

  • Beatrice Thielmann & Robin Sebastian Schierholz & Irina Böckelmann, 2021. "Subjective and Objective Consequences of Stress in Subjects with Subjectively Different Sleep Quality—A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:9990-:d:641039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth Anujuo & Karien Stronks & Marieke B. Snijder & Anja Lok & Girardin Jean-Louis & Charles Agyemang, 2021. "Association between Depressed Mood and Sleep Duration among Various Ethnic Groups—The Helius Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-10, July.
    2. Jens Hoebel & Ulrike E Maske & Hajo Zeeb & Thomas Lampert, 2017. "Social Inequalities and Depressive Symptoms in Adults: The Role of Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Xihe Zhu & Justin A. Haegele & Huarong Liu & Fangliang Yu, 2021. "Academic Stress, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Mental Health among Chinese Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-9, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Adam N. Collinge & Peter A. Bath, 2023. "Socioeconomic Background and Self-Reported Sleep Quality in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Pedro Delgado-Floody & Felipe Caamaño Navarrete & Luis Chirosa-Ríos & Cristian Martínez-Salazar & Claudia Andrea Vargas & Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán, 2022. "Exercise Training Program Improves Subjective Sleep Quality and Physical Fitness in Severely Obese Bad Sleepers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-11, October.

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