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Association Between Surrounding Greenness and Schizophrenia: A Taiwanese Cohort Study

Author

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  • Hao-Ting Chang

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan)

  • Chih-Da Wu

    (Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan)

  • Wen-Chi Pan

    (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan)

  • Shih-Chun Candice Lung

    (Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
    Institute of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan)

  • Huey-Jen Su

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan)

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the association between surrounding greenness and schizophrenia incidence in Taiwan. Data of 869,484 individuals without a history of schizophrenia were included from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database from 2000 through 2010 for analysis. The diagnoses of schizophrenia were based on ICD-9 codes. Greenness exposure was assessed using the satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index, assuming individuals lived near the hospital they most often visited for common cold during the study period. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the association between greenness exposure and schizophrenia incidence after adjustments were made for the potential confounders. A total of 5,069 schizophrenia cases were newly diagnosed during the study period. A negative significant ( p < 0.05) association found using 2000-m buffer distances (distance of a moderately paced 20-min walk) in the whole Taiwan island, cities, and metropolitan areas. The results of the stratified analysis based on sex and health insurance rate suggested surrounding greenness has approximately equal effects of reducing the risk of schizophrenia, regardless of sex or financial status. In conclusion, our findings suggest that more surrounding greenness may reduce the risk of schizophrenia.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao-Ting Chang & Chih-Da Wu & Wen-Chi Pan & Shih-Chun Candice Lung & Huey-Jen Su, 2019. "Association Between Surrounding Greenness and Schizophrenia: A Taiwanese Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:8:p:1415-:d:224483
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Mariya Geneshka & Peter Coventry & Joana Cruz & Simon Gilbody, 2021. "Relationship between Green and Blue Spaces with Mental and Physical Health: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-29, August.

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