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Use of the Natural Outdoor Environment in Different Populations in Europe in Relation to Access: Implications for Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel Masterson

    (Centre for Health and Development, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
    Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden)

  • Margarita Triguero-Mas

    (Mariana Arcaya’s Research Lab, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
    Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
    IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Sandra Marquez

    (Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Wilma Zijlema

    (Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • David Martinez

    (Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Christopher Gidlow

    (Centre for Health and Development, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK)

  • Graham Smith

    (Centre for Health and Development, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK)

  • Gemma Hurst

    (Centre for Health and Development, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK)

  • Marta Cirach

    (Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Regina Grazuleviciene

    (Department of Environmental Science, Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Magdalena Van den Berg

    (Department of Public and Occupational Health, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Hanneke Kruize

    (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Jolanda Maas

    (Department of Public and Occupational Health, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Mark Nieuwenhuijsen

    (Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

This cross-cultural study explores the relationship of natural outdoor environment (NOE) use with NOE access. Most urban planning recommendations suggest optimal accessibility to be 300 m–500 m straight distance to spaces with vegetation of at least 1 hectare. Exploring this recommendation, we used data ( n = 3947) from four European cities collected in the framework of the PHENOTYPE study: Barcelona (Spain), Doetinchem (The Netherlands), Kaunas (Lithuania) and Stoke-on-Trent (United Kingdom) to obtain residential access to NOE (straight or network distances, using 300 m and 150 m buffers, to NOE larger than 1 hectare or 0.5 hectare) and use of NOE (i.e., self-reported time spent in NOE). Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between residential access and use of NOE. The models with the strongest association with time spent in NOE in the combined sample were for those living within 300 m straight line distance to either 0.5 ha or 1 ha NOE. Noting that the only indicator that was consistent across all individual cities was living with 150 m network buffer of NOE (of at least 1 ha), this warrants further exploration in reducing recommendations of 300 m straight-line distance to 150 m network distance to 1 ha of NOE for a general indicator for cities within Europe.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Masterson & Margarita Triguero-Mas & Sandra Marquez & Wilma Zijlema & David Martinez & Christopher Gidlow & Graham Smith & Gemma Hurst & Marta Cirach & Regina Grazuleviciene & Magdalena Van den, 2022. "Use of the Natural Outdoor Environment in Different Populations in Europe in Relation to Access: Implications for Policy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2226-:d:750513
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mireia Gascon & Margarita Triguero-Mas & David Martínez & Payam Dadvand & Joan Forns & Antoni Plasència & Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, 2015. "Mental Health Benefits of Long-Term Exposure to Residential Green and Blue Spaces: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-26, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jeffrey Wilson & Xiao Xiao, 2023. "The Economic Value of Health Benefits Associated with Urban Park Investment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-13, March.

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