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Attitudinal, Behavioral, and Environmental Correlates of Child and Parent Self-Efficacy in Walking to School

Author

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  • Young-Jae Kim

    (Department of Forest Resources and Landscape Architecture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea)

  • Chanam Lee

    (Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3137, USA)

  • Wenhua Lu

    (Department of Childhood Studies, Rutgers University, 405-7 Cooper Street, Camden, NJ 08102, USA)

  • Jason A. Mendoza

    (Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA)

Abstract

As a critical social cognitive construct, self-efficacy plays a determinant role in children’s walking to school (WTS). However, little is known about factors that are underlying children’s and parents’ self-efficacy in WTS. The purpose of this study is to examine behavioral, attitudinal, and environmental correlates of child self-efficacy and parent self-efficacy in WTS, and to assess differences in the correlates of child versus parent self-efficacy. Data were collected from students ( N = 1224) and parents ( N = 1205) from 81 elementary schools across Texas in 2009–2012. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to identify significant factors that are associated with children’s self-efficacy and parents’ self-efficacy. Results from this study showed that the parent self-efficacy was more likely to be related to their own behaviors or attitudes, rather than the environmental factors or their child’s input. The child self-efficacy, however, was influenced not only by their own and parental behaviors or attitudes, but also by environmental factors. This study suggests that both parental and child self-efficacy are important factors to be considered when making decisions about school transportation.

Suggested Citation

  • Young-Jae Kim & Chanam Lee & Wenhua Lu & Jason A. Mendoza, 2017. "Attitudinal, Behavioral, and Environmental Correlates of Child and Parent Self-Efficacy in Walking to School," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:12:p:1588-:d:123247
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. McDonald, Noreen C., 2008. "Household interactions and children’s school travel: the effect of parental work patterns on walking and biking to school," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 324-331.
    2. Larsen, K. & Gilliland, J. & Hess, P. & Tucker, P. & Irwin, J. & He, M., 2009. "The influence of the physical environment and sociodemographic characteristics on children's mode of travel to and from school," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(3), pages 520-526.
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