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USLE-Based Assessment of Soil Erosion by Water in the Nyabarongo River Catchment, Rwanda

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  • Fidele Karamage

    (State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventists of Kigali (UNILAK), P.O. 6392, Kigali, Rwanda)

  • Chi Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
    School of Resources Environment Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, China)

  • Alphonse Kayiranga

    (State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventists of Kigali (UNILAK), P.O. 6392, Kigali, Rwanda)

  • Hua Shao

    (State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Xia Fang

    (State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Felix Ndayisaba

    (State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventists of Kigali (UNILAK), P.O. 6392, Kigali, Rwanda)

  • Lamek Nahayo

    (State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventists of Kigali (UNILAK), P.O. 6392, Kigali, Rwanda)

  • Christophe Mupenzi

    (State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventists of Kigali (UNILAK), P.O. 6392, Kigali, Rwanda)

  • Guangjin Tian

    (State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

Abstract

Soil erosion has become a serious problem in recent decades due to unhalted trends of unsustainable land use practices. Assessment of soil erosion is a prominent tool in planning and conservation of soil and water resource ecosystems. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was applied to Nyabarongo River Catchment that drains about 8413.75 km 2 (33%) of the total Rwanda coverage and a small part of the Southern Uganda (about 64.50 km 2 ) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing technologies. The estimated total annual actual soil loss was approximately estimated at 409 million tons with a mean erosion rate of 490 t·ha −1 ·y −1 (i.e., 32.67 mm·y −1 ). The cropland that occupied 74.85% of the total catchment presented a mean erosion rate of 618 t·ha −1 ·y −1 (i.e., 41.20 mm·y −1 ) and was responsible for 95.8% of total annual soil loss. Emergency soil erosion control is required with a priority accorded to cropland area of 173,244 ha, which is extremely exposed to actual soil erosion rate of 2222 t·ha −1 ·y −1 (i.e., 148.13 mm·y −1 ) and contributed to 96.2% of the total extreme soil loss in the catchment. According to this study, terracing cultivation method could reduce the current erosion rate in cropland areas by about 78%. Therefore, the present study suggests the catchment management by constructing check dams, terracing, agroforestry and reforestation of highly exposed areas as suitable measures for erosion and water pollution control within the Nyabarongo River Catchment and in other regions facing the same problems.

Suggested Citation

  • Fidele Karamage & Chi Zhang & Alphonse Kayiranga & Hua Shao & Xia Fang & Felix Ndayisaba & Lamek Nahayo & Christophe Mupenzi & Guangjin Tian, 2016. "USLE-Based Assessment of Soil Erosion by Water in the Nyabarongo River Catchment, Rwanda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:8:p:835-:d:76358
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fidele Karamage & Chi Zhang & Felix Ndayisaba & Hua Shao & Alphonse Kayiranga & Xia Fang & Lamek Nahayo & Enan Muhire Nyesheja & Guangjin Tian, 2016. "Extent of Cropland and Related Soil Erosion Risk in Rwanda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-19, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chaodong Li & Zhanbin Li & Mingyi Yang & Bo Ma & Baiqun Wang, 2021. "Grid-Scale Impact of Climate Change and Human Influence on Soil Erosion within East African Highlands (Kagera Basin)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-17, March.
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