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Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Nihaya Al-Sheyab

    (Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, P.O. Box 3030, Jordan
    Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
    Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, the University of Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia)

  • Mahmoud A. Alomari

    (Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Smita Shah

    (Faculty of Medicine, Western Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Patrick Gallagher

    (Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Robyn Gallagher

    (Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
    Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, the University of Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia)

Abstract

Our study investigates the prevalence, patterns and predictors of tobacco smoking among early adolescent males in Northern Jordan and whether asthma diagnosis affects smoking patterns. A descriptive cross sectional design was used. Males in grades 7 and 8 from four randomly selected high schools in the city of Irbid were enrolled. Data on waterpipe (WP) use and cigarette smoking patterns were obtained ( n = 815) using a survey in Arabic language. The overall prevalence of ever having smoked a cigarette was 35.6%, with 86.2% of this group smoking currently. Almost half of the sample reported WP use. The most common age in which adolescents started to experiment with cigarettes was 11–12 years old (49.1%), although 10 years was also common (25.3%). Significant predictors of male cigarette smoking were WP use (OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 2.99–5.76), asthma diagnosis (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.46–3.78), grade 8 (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.10–2.11), and having a sibling who smokes (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.53–3.24). However, this cross-sectional study cannot establish causality, thus longitudinal studies are needed. Public health programs and school-based anti-tobacco smoking interventions that target children in early years at high schools are warranted to prevent the uptake of tobacco use among this vulnerable age group. High school students with asthma should be specifically targeted.

Suggested Citation

  • Nihaya Al-Sheyab & Mahmoud A. Alomari & Smita Shah & Patrick Gallagher & Robyn Gallagher, 2014. "Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:9:p:9008-9023:d:39807
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rothman, K.J. & Greenland, S., 2005. "Causation and causal inference in epidemiology," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(S1), pages 144-150.
    2. WHO World Health Organization, 2013. "Who Report On The Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013," University of California at San Francisco, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education qt5t06910t, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, UC San Francisco.
    3. Patton, G.C. & Carlin, J.B. & Coffey, C. & Wolfe, R. & Hibbert, M. & Bowes, G., 1998. "Depression, anxiety, and smoking initiation: A prospective study over 3 years," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(10), pages 1518-1522.
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    1. Enver Tahiraj & Mladen Cubela & Ljerka Ostojic & Jelena Rodek & Natasa Zenic & Damir Sekulic & Blaz Lesnik, 2016. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse among Kosovar Adolescents; Cross Sectional Study of Scholastic, Familial-, and Sports-Related Factors of Influence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Nihaya Al-Sheyab & Khalid A Kheirallah & Linda J Thomson Mangnall & Robyn Gallagher, 2015. "Agreement Between Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide Threshold Levels and Self-Reported Cigarette Smoking in a Sample of Male Adolescents in Jordan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Natasa Zenic & Admir Terzic & Jelena Rodek & Miodrag Spasic & Damir Sekulic, 2015. "Gender-Specific Analyses of the Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse among Bosniak Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, June.

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