IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i7p1749-d1625032.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Comprehensive System for Protection of Photovoltaic Installations in Normal and Emergency Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Konrad Seklecki

    (Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Marek Olesz

    (Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Marek Adamowicz

    (Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Mikołaj Nowak

    (Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Leszek Sławomir Litzbarski

    (Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
    Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
    Advanced Materials Centre, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Kamil Balcarek

    (Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Jacek Grochowski

    (Faculty of Control, Robotics and Electrical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

The rapid growth of the photovoltaic industry necessitates the development of innovative solutions to ensure the safe operation of these systems. One of the most critical challenges in photovoltaic installations is ensuring protection against electric shock under both operational and emergency conditions, as well as minimizing the risk of fire spread in case of an installation fire. Existing safety measures do not provide a sufficient level of protection, particularly in terms of fire safety. To address these shortcomings, a comprehensive safety system has been developed. This system includes a photovoltaic panel shutter and a safety switch device, which enables the short-circuiting of individual panel outputs while also providing a break in the DC circuit. The proposed solution can be classified as part of the Balance of System (BoS). The effectiveness of this safety system has been validated through both numerical simulations and experimental investigations. Furthermore, an economic analysis indicates that implementing this system will not significantly impact the overall cost of a photovoltaic system.

Suggested Citation

  • Konrad Seklecki & Marek Olesz & Marek Adamowicz & Mikołaj Nowak & Leszek Sławomir Litzbarski & Kamil Balcarek & Jacek Grochowski, 2025. "A Comprehensive System for Protection of Photovoltaic Installations in Normal and Emergency Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:7:p:1749-:d:1625032
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1749/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1749/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vittorini, Diego & Castellucci, Nicola & Cipollone, Roberto, 2017. "Heat recovery potential and electrical performances in-field investigation on a hybrid PVT module," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 44-56.
    2. Cui, Yuanlong & Zhu, Jie & Meng, Fanran & Zoras, Stamatis & McKechnie, Jon & Chu, Junze, 2020. "Energy assessment and economic sensitivity analysis of a grid-connected photovoltaic system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 101-115.
    3. Ju, Xing & Xu, Chao & Han, Xue & Du, Xiaoze & Wei, Gaosheng & Yang, Yongping, 2017. "A review of the concentrated photovoltaic/thermal (CPVT) hybrid solar systems based on the spectral beam splitting technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 534-563.
    4. Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska & Małgorzata Rudnicka, 2020. "The Analysis of Working Parameters Decrease in Photovoltaic Modules as a Result of Dust Deposition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-11, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Bingzheng & Lu, Xiaofei & Zhang, Cancan & Wang, Hongsheng, 2022. "Cascade and hybrid processes for co-generating solar-based fuels and electricity via combining spectral splitting technology and membrane reactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 782-799.
    2. DeLovato, Nicolas & Sundarnath, Kavin & Cvijovic, Lazar & Kota, Krishna & Kuravi, Sarada, 2019. "A review of heat recovery applications for solar and geothermal power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Zhang, Minhui & Zhang, Qin & Zhou, Dequn & Wang, Lei, 2021. "Punishment or reward? Strategies of stakeholders in the quality of photovoltaic plants based on evolutionary game analysis in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    4. Alois Resch & Robert Höller, 2023. "Optical Modelling of a Linear Fresnel Concentrator for the Development of a Spectral Splitting Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Receiver," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-20, July.
    5. Hassan Gholami & Harald Nils Røstvik, 2021. "Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in Europe, Rational Feed-In Tariffs and Subsidies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, April.
    6. Ju, Xing & Abd El-Samie, Mostafa M. & Xu, Chao & Yu, Hangyu & Pan, Xinyu & Yang, Yongping, 2020. "A fully coupled numerical simulation of a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system that employs a therminol VP-1 based nanofluid as a spectral beam filter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    7. Ju, Xing & Pan, Xinyu & Zhang, Zheyang & Xu, Chao & Wei, Gaosheng, 2019. "Thermal and electrical performance of the dense-array concentrating photovoltaic (DA-CPV) system under non-uniform illumination," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 904-915.
    8. Cesar Lucio & Omar Behar & Bassam Dally, 2023. "Techno-Economic Assessment of CPVT Spectral Splitting Technology: A Case Study on Saudi Arabia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-23, July.
    9. D'Adamo, Idiano & Gastaldi, Massimo & Morone, Piergiuseppe & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2022. "Economics and policy implications of residential photovoltaic systems in Italy's developed market," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    10. Han, Xinyue & Xue, Dengshuai & Zheng, Jun & Alelyani, Sami M. & Chen, Xiaobin, 2019. "Spectral characterization of spectrally selective liquid absorption filters and exploring their effects on concentrator solar cells," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 938-945.
    11. Karolina Papis-Frączek & Krzysztof Sornek, 2022. "A Review on Heat Extraction Devices for CPVT Systems with Active Liquid Cooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-49, August.
    12. Pang, Wei & Zhang, Qian & Cui, Yanan & Zhang, Linrui & Yu, Hongwen & Zhang, Xiaoyan & Zhang, Yongzhe & Yan, Hui, 2019. "Numerical simulation and experimental validation of a photovoltaic/thermal system based on a roll-bond aluminum collector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    13. Vallati, A. & Ocłoń, P. & Colucci, C. & Mauri, L. & de Lieto Vollaro, R. & Taler, J., 2019. "Energy analysis of a thermal system composed by a heat pump coupled with a PVT solar collector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 91-96.
    14. Chen, Zhang & Yiliang, Xie & Hongxia, Zhang & Yujie, Gu & Xiongwen, Zhang, 2023. "Optimal design and performance assessment for a solar powered electricity, heating and hydrogen integrated energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    15. Beata Hysa & Anna Mularczyk, 2024. "PESTEL Analysis of the Photovoltaic Market in Poland—A Systematic Review of Opportunities and Threats," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-29, September.
    16. Fang, Juan & Dong, Hao & Huo, Hailong & Yi, Xiaoping & Wen, Zhi & Liu, Qibin & Liu, Xunliang, 2023. "Thermodynamic performance of solar full-spectrum electricity generation system integrating photovoltaic cell with thermally-regenerative ammonia battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    17. Giovanni Cipriani & Antonino D’Amico & Stefania Guarino & Donatella Manno & Marzia Traverso & Vincenzo Di Dio, 2020. "Convolutional Neural Network for Dust and Hotspot Classification in PV Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, December.
    18. Yin, Ershuai & Li, Qiang & Xuan, Yimin, 2018. "A novel optimal design method for concentration spectrum splitting photovoltaic–thermoelectric hybrid system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 519-532.
    19. Sarah El Himer & Salima El Ayane & Sara El Yahyaoui & Jean Paul Salvestrini & Ali Ahaitouf, 2020. "Photovoltaic Concentration: Research and Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-41, November.
    20. Adar, Mustapha & Najih, Youssef & Gouskir, Mohamed & Chebak, Ahmed & Mabrouki, Mustapha & Bennouna, Amin, 2020. "Three PV plants performance analysis using the principal component analysis method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:7:p:1749-:d:1625032. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.