Research on GRU-LSTM-Based Early Warning Method for Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Voltage Fault Classification

Battery cell voltage is an important evaluation index for electric vehicle condition estimation and one of the main monitoring parameters of the battery management system, and accurate voltage prediction is crucial for electric vehicle battery failure warning. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel hybrid gated recurrent unit and long short-term memory (GRU-LSTM) neural network to predict electric vehicle lithium-ion battery cell voltage. Firstly, Pearson coefficient correlation analysis is carried out to determine the input parameters of the neural network by analyzing the influence factors of the voltage parameters, and the hyperparameters of the neural network are determined through cross-validation to construct the lithium-ion battery single-unit voltage prediction model based on GRU-LSTM. Secondly, the voltage prediction accuracy and robustness of the GRU-LSTM model are verified by training the historical data of real vehicles in spring, summer, fall, and winter, combined with four different error indicators. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by designing hierarchical warning rules based on the prediction data to realize the accurate warning of multiple voltage anomalies.