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A Modeling Technique for High-Efficiency Battery Packs in Battery-Powered Railway System

Author

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  • Jae-Uk Sim

    (Department of Electronic Engineering, The Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea)

  • Seon-Woong Kim

    (Department of Electronic Engineering, The Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea)

  • In-Ho Cho

    (Department of Electronic Engineering, The Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Battery modules in eco-friendly mobility are composed of series and parallel connections of multiple lithium-ion battery cells. As the number of lithium-ion cells in the battery module increases, the cell connection configuration becomes a critical factor affecting the module’s usable capacity efficiency. Therefore, careful consideration of this factor is essential in battery module design. Various design elements have been studied to optimize the performance of battery modules. Among these elements, the method of terminal connection affects the distribution of resistance components in each cell, causing DOD (Depth of Discharge) variation. Previous research has focused on determining the optimal terminal placement and cell connection method to minimize DOD variation between cells. However, these studies did not consider temperature effects. Since temperature acts as a major variable affecting the DOD of each cell, comprehensive research that includes this factor is necessary. This research performed 3D thermal flow analysis using Ansys Fluent 2024 R2 and validated the simulation environment by comparing actual experimental and simulation results for a single cell. Based on the validated simulation environment, this research analyzed the impact of temperature distribution on cell performance in a 4S3P module and proposed a method of terminal connection, which achieved a 70% reduction in SOC deviation compared to conventional methods. Additionally, this research suggests that when the module configuration changes, a new design approach specific to that configuration is necessary to minimize SOC deviation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jae-Uk Sim & Seon-Woong Kim & In-Ho Cho, 2025. "A Modeling Technique for High-Efficiency Battery Packs in Battery-Powered Railway System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:5:p:1272-:d:1605885
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Sergey V. Mitrofanov & Natalya G. Kiryanova & Anna M. Gorlova, 2021. "Stationary Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Railway Electrification: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
    3. Zdenko Kljaić & Danijel Pavković & Mihael Cipek & Maja Trstenjak & Tomislav Josip Mlinarić & Mladen Nikšić, 2023. "An Overview of Current Challenges and Emerging Technologies to Facilitate Increased Energy Efficiency, Safety, and Sustainability of Railway Transport," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-44, October.
    4. Kim, Kyunghyun & Choi, Jung-Il, 2023. "Effect of cell-to-cell variation and module configuration on the performance of lithium-ion battery systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
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