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Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration and Implementing EV Charging Stations for Sustainable Electricity in Crete’s Supermarket Chain

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  • Emmanuel Karapidakis

    (Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece)

  • Marios Nikologiannis

    (Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece)

  • Marini Markaki

    (Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece)

  • Georgios Kouzoukas

    (Chalkiadakis S.A., 71409 Heraklion, Greece)

  • Sofia Yfanti

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece)

Abstract

In current times, sustainability is paramount, and businesses are increasingly adopting renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure to minimise their environmental impact and operational costs. Such a transition can prove challenging to multi-location businesses since each chain store functions under different constraints; therefore, the implementation of a corporate policy requires adaptations. The increased electricity demand associated with EV charging stations and their installation cost could prove to be a significant financial burden. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and develop strategies for effectively incorporating RES and EV charging stations into the operations of a supermarket chain in Crete. Monthly electricity consumption data, parking availability, and premise dimensions were collected for 20 supermarkets under the same brand. To achieve a more tailored approach to custom energy system sizing, the integration of energy storage coupled with a photovoltaic (PV) system was investigated, using the Moth–Flame Optimiser (MFO) to maximise the Net Present Value (NPV) of 20 years. The algorithm managed to locate optimal solutions that yield profitable installations for all supermarkets by installing the necessary number of PV units. Manual exploration around the solutions led to the optimal integration of energy storage systems with a total upfront cost of EUR 856,477.00 and a total profit for the entire brand equal to EUR 6,426,355.14.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel Karapidakis & Marios Nikologiannis & Marini Markaki & Georgios Kouzoukas & Sofia Yfanti, 2025. "Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration and Implementing EV Charging Stations for Sustainable Electricity in Crete’s Supermarket Chain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:3:p:754-:d:1585235
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hui Cai & Wanchun Qi & Zhuyi Peng & Jie Zou & Wentao Sun & Ying Zhu & Xingning Han, 2025. "Energy-Oriented Economic Evaluation of Phase Shifters Utilizing Risk-Adjusted Lifecycle Cost Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Sivaram Natarajan Vijayanathan & Lavanya Anbazhagan & Jagabar Sathik Mohamed Ali & Divya Navamani Jayachandran & Pradeep Vishnuram & CH. Naga Sai Kalyan & Mustafa Abdullah & Rajkumar Singh Rathore, 2025. "Design of a Three-Input, Single-Output DC–DC Converter for Electric Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-24, February.

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