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Frequency Regulation of Renewable Energy Plants in Regional Power Grids: A Study Considering the Frequency Regulation Deadband Width

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  • Weizheng Gong

    (East China Brunch of State Grid Corporation of China, Shanghai 200120, China)

  • Shaoqi Yu

    (East China Brunch of State Grid Corporation of China, Shanghai 200120, China)

  • Xin Wu

    (East China Brunch of State Grid Corporation of China, Shanghai 200120, China)

  • Lianchao Liu

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

  • Meiling Ma

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

  • Dong Han

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

Abstract

With the continuous increase in renewable energy penetration, traditional frequency regulation strategies in power grids struggle to maintain frequency stability under high renewable-share conditions. To address the shortcomings of the current deadband settings in regional grid frequency regulation, this paper proposes an optimized deadband-configuration scheme for renewable energy power plants and evaluates its effectiveness in enhancing the frequency regulation potential of renewable units. By developing frequency response models for thermal power, wind power, photovoltaic generation, and energy storage, the impact of different deadband widths on dynamic frequency response and steady-state deviation is analyzed. Three representative output scenarios for renewable units are constructed, and under each scenario the coordinated control performance of the proposed and the existing deadband configurations is compared. Simulation studies are then conducted based on a typical high renewable penetration scenario. The results show that, compared with the existing regional-grid deadband settings, the proposed configuration more fully exploits the regulation potential of renewable units, improves overall frequency-response capability, significantly reduces frequency deviations, and shortens recovery time. This research provides both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for frequency-support provision by renewable energy power plants under high penetration conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Weizheng Gong & Shaoqi Yu & Xin Wu & Lianchao Liu & Meiling Ma & Dong Han, 2025. "Frequency Regulation of Renewable Energy Plants in Regional Power Grids: A Study Considering the Frequency Regulation Deadband Width," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-24, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:17:p:4618-:d:1738312
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Pengfei & Hu, Weihao & Hu, Rui & Huang, Qi & Yao, Jun & Chen, Zhe, 2019. "Strategy for wind power plant contribution to frequency control under variable wind speed," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 1226-1236.
    2. Fernández-Guillamón, Ana & Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio & Muljadi, Eduard & Molina-García, Ángel, 2019. "Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
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