Optimization of Rear-Side Energy Contribution in Bifacial PV Panels: A Parametric Analysis on Albedo, Tilt, Height, and Mounting Configuration

Bifacial photovoltaic panels are preferred over monofacial panels due to the ability of their back surfaces to absorb radiation and generate electricity. However, optimizing the rear-side energy contribution remains a critical area of research. This study systematically investigates how four key parameters (albedo, tilt angle, panel height, and mounting configuration) affect rear-side energy generation and overall panel efficiency. In the first scenario, the impact of surface reflectivity was evaluated. High-reflectivity materials such as aluminum (21.2%) and fresh snow (20.5%) significantly increased rear-side energy yield. The second scenario examined tilt angle, showing that increasing the tilt up to 50° enhanced back-side generation, reaching a gain of 5.5%. The third scenario focused on the effect of panel height, revealing a linear relationship with energy generation. The fourth assessed orientation, comparing horizontal and vertical installations. Horizontal mounting provided a higher rear-side energy yield (4.5%) due to increased exposure to ground-reflected radiation. The findings of this study provide important information for the optimization of bifacial photovoltaic panels and the information will provide guidance for easier and more efficient installation of solar power plants.