IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i15p4027-d1712459.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Integrated Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning Through Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming in Dynamic Load Scenarios

Author

Listed:
  • Edison W. Intriago Ponce

    (GIREI Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito 170146, Pichincha, Ecuador
    Current address: UPS Quito—Southern Campus, Block H, Rumichaca Ñan Avenue & Morán Valverde Avenue, Quito 170146, Pichincha, Ecuador.
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Alexander Aguila Téllez

    (GIREI Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito 170146, Pichincha, Ecuador
    Current address: UPS Quito—Southern Campus, Block H, Rumichaca Ñan Avenue & Morán Valverde Avenue, Quito 170146, Pichincha, Ecuador.
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

A deterministic Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model for the Integrated Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning (IGTEP) problem is presented. The proposed framework is distinguished by its foundation on the complete AC power flow formulation, which is solved to global optimality using BARON, a deterministic MINLP solver, which ensures the identification of truly optimal expansion strategies, overcoming the limitations of heuristic approaches that may converge to local optima. This approach is employed to establish a definitive, high-fidelity economic and technical benchmark, addressing the limitations of commonly used DC approximations and metaheuristic methods that often fail to capture the nonlinearities and interdependencies inherent in power system planning. The co-optimization model is formulated to simultaneously minimize the total annualized costs, which include investment in new generation and transmission assets, the operating costs of the entire generator fleet, and the cost of unsupplied energy. The model’s effectiveness is demonstrated on the IEEE 14-bus system under various dynamic load growth scenarios and planning horizons. A key finding is the model’s ability to identify the most economic expansion pathway; for shorter horizons, the optimal solution prioritizes strategic transmission reinforcements to unlock existing generation capacity, thereby deferring capital-intensive generation investments. However, over longer horizons with higher demand growth, the model correctly identifies the necessity for combined investments in both significant new generation capacity and further network expansion. These results underscore the value of an integrated, AC-based approach, demonstrating its capacity to reveal non-intuitive, economically superior expansion strategies that would be missed by decoupled or simplified models. The framework thus provides a crucial, high-fidelity benchmark for the validation of more scalable planning tools.

Suggested Citation

  • Edison W. Intriago Ponce & Alexander Aguila Téllez, 2025. "Integrated Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning Through Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming in Dynamic Load Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-33, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:15:p:4027-:d:1712459
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4027/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4027/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sharan, Ishan & Balasubramanian, R., 2012. "Integrated generation and transmission expansion planning including power and fuel transportation constraints," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 275-284.
    2. Andrés Rengel & Alexander Aguila Téllez & Leony Ortiz & Milton Ruiz, 2023. "Optimal Insertion of Energy Storage Systems Considering the Economic Dispatch and the Minimization of Energy Not Supplied," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-26, March.
    3. Luis Cruz & Alexander Águila Téllez & Leony Ortiz, 2023. "Optimal Generation Dispatch in Electrical Microgrids Based on Inertia Markets as a Solution to Frequency Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-19, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Constantino Dário Justo & José Eduardo Tafula & Pedro Moura, 2022. "Planning Sustainable Energy Systems in the Southern African Development Community: A Review of Power Systems Planning Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-28, October.
    2. Koltsaklis, Nikolaos E. & Dagoumas, Athanasios S., 2018. "State-of-the-art generation expansion planning: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 563-589.
    3. Nataly Gabriela Valencia Pavón & Alexander Aguila Téllez & Marcelo García Torres & Javier Rojas Urbano & Narayanan Krishnan, 2024. "Optimal Selection of Distribution, Power, and Type of Luminaires for Street Lighting Designs Using Multi-Criteria Decision Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Seddighi, Amir Hossein & Ahmadi-Javid, Amir, 2015. "Integrated multiperiod power generation and transmission expansion planning with sustainability aspects in a stochastic environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 9-18.
    5. Koltsaklis, Nikolaos E. & Dagoumas, Athanasios S. & Kopanos, Georgios M. & Pistikopoulos, Efstratios N. & Georgiadis, Michael C., 2014. "A spatial multi-period long-term energy planning model: A case study of the Greek power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 456-482.
    6. Masoud Khatibi & Abbas Rabiee & Amir Bagheri, 2023. "Integrated Electricity and Gas Systems Planning: New Opportunities, and a Detailed Assessment of Relevant Issues," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-32, April.
    7. Alan Ortiz Contreras & Mohamed Badaoui & David Sebastián Baltazar, 2024. "The Optimal Selection of Renewable Energy Systems Based on MILP for Two Zones in Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-26, July.
    8. Xian Huang & Kun Liu, 2023. "Impact of Electricity Price Expectation in the Planning Period on the Evolution of Generation Expansion Planning in the Market Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-21, April.
    9. Verástegui, Felipe & Lorca, Álvaro & Olivares, Daniel & Negrete-Pincetic, Matias, 2021. "Optimization-based analysis of decarbonization pathways and flexibility requirements in highly renewable power systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    10. Gacitua, L. & Gallegos, P. & Henriquez-Auba, R. & Lorca, Á. & Negrete-Pincetic, M. & Olivares, D. & Valenzuela, A. & Wenzel, G., 2018. "A comprehensive review on expansion planning: Models and tools for energy policy analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 346-360.
    11. Hemmati, Reza & Hooshmand, Rahmat-Allah & Khodabakhshian, Amin, 2013. "State-of-the-art of transmission expansion planning: Comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 312-319.
    12. Sadeghi, Hadi & Rashidinejad, Masoud & Abdollahi, Amir, 2017. "A comprehensive sequential review study through the generation expansion planning," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1369-1394.
    13. Caunhye, Aakil M. & Cardin, Michel-Alexandre, 2018. "Towards more resilient integrated power grid capacity expansion: A robust optimization approach with operational flexibility," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 20-34.
    14. Guerra, Omar J. & Tejada, Diego A. & Reklaitis, Gintaras V., 2016. "An optimization framework for the integrated planning of generation and transmission expansion in interconnected power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 1-21.
    15. Trotter, Philipp A. & Cooper, Nathanial J. & Wilson, Peter R., 2019. "A multi-criteria, long-term energy planning optimisation model with integrated on-grid and off-grid electrification – The case of Uganda," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 288-312.
    16. Quiroga, Daniela & Sauma, Enzo & Pozo, David, 2019. "Power system expansion planning under global and local emission mitigation policies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1250-1264.
    17. Yoza, Akihiro & Yona, Atsushi & Senjyu, Tomonobu & Funabashi, Toshihisa, 2014. "Optimal capacity and expansion planning methodology of PV and battery in smart house," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 25-33.
    18. Maria Dicorato & Gioacchino Tricarico & Giuseppe Forte & Francesca Marasciuolo, 2021. "Technical Indicators for the Comparison of Power Network Development in Scenario Evaluations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-25, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:15:p:4027-:d:1712459. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.