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Robust Optimal Power Scheduling for Fuel Cell Electric Ships Under Marine Environmental Uncertainty

Author

Listed:
  • Gabin Kim

    (Hyosung Corporation, 74 Simin-daero, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si 14080, Republic of Korea)

  • Minji Lee

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea)

  • Il-Yop Chung

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

This paper presents a robust optimization-based approach for voyage and power generation scheduling to enhance the economic efficiency and reliability of electric propulsion ships powered by polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The scheduling method is formulated considering generation cost curves of PEMFCs with mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and is extended to a robust optimization framework that accounts for marine environmental uncertainties. The robust optimization approach, implemented via the column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) method, ensures stable operation under various uncertainty scenarios, such as wave speed and direction influenced by wind and tidal currents. To validate the proposed method, a simulation was conducted under realistic operational conditions, followed by a case study comparing the MILP and robust optimization approaches in terms of economic efficiency and reliability. Additionally, the optimization model incorporated degradation costs associated with PEMFCs and BESSs to account for long-term operational efficiency. The case study assessed the performance of both methods under load variation scenarios across different marine environmental uncertainties.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabin Kim & Minji Lee & Il-Yop Chung, 2025. "Robust Optimal Power Scheduling for Fuel Cell Electric Ships Under Marine Environmental Uncertainty," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-26, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:11:p:2837-:d:1667768
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fan, Feilong & Aditya, Venkataraman & Xu, Yan & Cheong, Benjamin & Gupta, Amit K., 2022. "Robustly coordinated operation of a ship microgird with hybrid propulsion systems and hydrogen fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    2. Ksciuk, Jana & Kuhlemann, Stefan & Tierney, Kevin & Koberstein, Achim, 2023. "Uncertainty in maritime ship routing and scheduling: A Literature review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 308(2), pages 499-524.
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