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Future Distribution Networks: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Zahid Javid

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong)

  • Ilhan Kocar

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong)

  • William Holderbaum

    (School of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M15 GD, UK)

  • Ulas Karaagac

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey)

Abstract

This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in electrical distribution networks, with a specific focus on the incorporation of direct current (DC) applications. The research aims to comprehensively address the current and future aspects of DC, spanning from the distribution level to the utilization level. The renewed interest in DC power systems has led to the investigation of several transitional challenges in recent years. A significant portion of these efforts has been dedicated to determining the feasibility of applying DC to specific use cases. Additionally, the literature has explored design considerations such as system architecture and voltage levels, the integration of DC into existing distribution networks, load flow (LF) computations, and the distinct safety concerns associated with DC power systems. In this paper, the various research endeavors are categorized, evaluated, and scrutinized to assess the current state of the transition from a purely alternating current (AC) distribution system to a solely DC or hybrid AC/DC distribution system. A bibliometric analysis is conducted, constructing a network of co-occurrence based on author-provided keywords, which reveals the primary research foci in this domain. The barriers hindering the widespread adoption of DC distribution systems and potential solutions are also discussed. Moreover, this article synthesizes ongoing efforts to address these obstacles and delineates future research directions by emphasizing the existing knowledge gaps.

Suggested Citation

  • Zahid Javid & Ilhan Kocar & William Holderbaum & Ulas Karaagac, 2024. "Future Distribution Networks: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-45, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:8:p:1822-:d:1373471
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lu, Shibo & Phung, B.T. & Zhang, Daming, 2018. "A comprehensive review on DC arc faults and their diagnosis methods in photovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 88-98.
    2. Gerber, Daniel L. & Vossos, Vagelis & Feng, Wei & Marnay, Chris & Nordman, Bruce & Brown, Richard, 2018. "A simulation-based efficiency comparison of AC and DC power distribution networks in commercial buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 1167-1187.
    3. Toklu, E., 2013. "Overview of potential and utilization of renewable energy sources in Turkey," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 456-463.
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    2. Schipper, Josh & Bathini, Veerabrahmam & Mukhedkar, Radnya & Watson, Neville & Pirnia, Mehrdad & Nair, Nirmal-Kumar & Watson, Jeremy, 2025. "Steady-state power system analysis revisited for hybrid AC–DC grids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).

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