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Comparison of the Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) of a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Vehicle at Different Routes in Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Barouch Giechaskiel

    (Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Victor Valverde

    (Unisystem S.A., 20145 Milan, Italy)

  • Anastasios Melas

    (Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Michaël Clairotte

    (Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Pierre Bonnel

    (Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Panagiota Dilara

    (Directorate-General for Environment (DG-ENV), European Commission, 1160 Brussels, Belgium)

Abstract

On-road real-driving emissions (RDE) tests with portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) are part of the vehicle emissions regulations in the European Union (EU). For a given vehicle, the final emission results depend on the influence of the ambient conditions and the trip characteristics (including the driver’s behaviour) on the vehicle performance and the instrument measurement uncertainty. However, there are not many studies that have examined the emissions variability of a single vehicle following different routes. In this study, a 1.2 L gasoline direct injection (GDI) Euro 5b passenger car without a particulate filter and a PEMS was circulated in seven European laboratories. At their premises, the laboratories performed two to five repetitions of on-road trips compliant with the EU RDE regulation. The ambient temperature ranged between 7 °C and 23 °C. The average emission levels of the vehicle were 135 g/km for CO 2 , 77 mg/km for CO, 55 mg/km for NO x , and 9.2 × 10 11 #/km for particle number. The coefficient of variance in the emissions following the same route was 2.9% for CO 2 , 23.8% for CO, 23.0% for NO x , and 5.8% for particle number. The coefficient of variance in the emissions following different routes in Europe was 6.9% for CO 2 , 9.1% for CO, 0.0% for NO x , and 9.1% for particle number. The previous values include the specific vehicle emissions variability under the narrow test conditions of this study, but only partly the PEMS measurement uncertainty because the same instrument was used in all the trips. The results of this study can be used by laboratories conducting RDE tests to assess their uncertainty budget when testing or comparing vehicles of similar technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Barouch Giechaskiel & Victor Valverde & Anastasios Melas & Michaël Clairotte & Pierre Bonnel & Panagiota Dilara, 2024. "Comparison of the Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) of a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Vehicle at Different Routes in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:6:p:1308-:d:1353809
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mera, Zamir & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2019. "Analysis of the high instantaneous NOx emissions from Euro 6 diesel passenger cars under real driving conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1074-1089.
    2. Barouch Giechaskiel & Pierre Bonnel & Adolfo Perujo & Panagiota Dilara, 2019. "Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-23, November.
    3. Costagliola, Maria Antonietta & Costabile, Marianeve & Prati, Maria Vittoria, 2018. "Impact of road grade on real driving emissions from two Euro 5 diesel vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 586-593.
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