IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i22p5734-d1522206.html

Study on the Effect of Coal Grain Size on the Morphology of Soot Generated During Combustion

Author

Listed:
  • Jiani Liu

    (National Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430000, China)

  • Mengting Si

    (National Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430000, China)

  • Yindi Zhang

    (National Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430000, China)

  • Bing Liu

    (National Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430000, China)

  • Changqian Shi

    (National Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430000, China)

Abstract

This study performed an experimental exploration to analyze the influence of different grain sizes of coal on the nanostructure and morphological parameters of soot generated during combustion. Initially, primary and mature soot samples were gained from the combustion flames of two different grain sizes of coal (less than 150 μm, named sample #1, and 6–8 mm, named sample #2) by using thermophoresis sampling technology. Subsequently, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate and analyze the soot samples, with the aim of obtaining their morphological parameters and nanostructure characteristics. The TEM images indicate that the nascent soot produced during the flame formed by small-sized coal is relatively uniform, with individual particles 8–14 nm in size. The grain size of the nascent soot produced by large-sized coal is much larger, within a wide range of 50–350 nm. Additionally, the nanostructures of the nascent soot particles produced by samples #1 and #2 mainly consist of upright parallel crystal stripes. The crystal stripes of the soot particles formed by sample #1 have obvious microcrystalline structures, whereas only a small amount of microcrystalline structure is found at the edge of sample #2. Compared with sample #2, the soot formed during the combustion of sample #1 exhibits a denser crystalline structure. The SEM results indicate that the mature soot agglomerates formed in sample #2 are larger and more in quantity compared to sample #1. Furthermore, the mature soot agglomerates formed in sample #2 have a stronger coagulation performance and a more compact structure than that formed in sample #1.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiani Liu & Mengting Si & Yindi Zhang & Bing Liu & Changqian Shi, 2024. "Study on the Effect of Coal Grain Size on the Morphology of Soot Generated During Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:22:p:5734-:d:1522206
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5734/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5734/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lin, Boqiang & Ullah, Sami, 2024. "Modeling the impacts of changes in nuclear energy, natural gas, and coal in the environment through the novel DARDL approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    2. Cong, Kunlin & Zhang, Yanguo & Han, Feng & Li, Qinghai, 2019. "Influence of particle sizes on combustion characteristics of coal particles in oxygen-deficient atmosphere," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 840-848.
    3. Trubetskaya, Anna & Jensen, Peter Arendt & Jensen, Anker Degn & Garcia Llamas, Angel David & Umeki, Kentaro & Gardini, Diego & Kling, Jens & Bates, Richard B. & Glarborg, Peter, 2016. "Effects of several types of biomass fuels on the yield, nanostructure and reactivity of soot from fast pyrolysis at high temperatures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 468-482.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ullah, Sami & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Harnessing the synergistic impacts of financial structure, industrialization, and ecological footprint through the lens of the EKC hypothesis. Insights from Pakistan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    2. Si, Mengting & Liu, Jiani & Zhang, Yindi & Liu, Bing & Luo, Zixue & Cheng, Qiang, 2024. "Effect of co-combustion of coal with biomass on the morphology of soot," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    3. Li, Dun & Gao, Jianmin & Zhao, Ziqi & Du, Qian & Dong, Heming & Cui, Zhaoyang, 2022. "Effects of iron on coal pyrolysis-derived soot formation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    4. Bartosz Jóźwik & Betül Altay Topcu & Mesut Doğan, 2024. "The Impact of Nuclear Energy Consumption, Green Technological Innovation, and Trade Openness on the Sustainable Environment in the USA," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-17, August.
    5. Huang, Anzhong & Dai, Luote & Ali, Sajid & Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday, 2024. "From funds to footprints: Unravelling the asymmetric association between nuclear energy technology and environmental quality," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    6. Wojciech Luboń & Artur Jachimowski & Michał Łyczba & Grzegorz Pełka & Mateusz Wygoda & Dominika Dawiec & Roger Książek & Wojciech Sorociak & Klaudia Krawiec, 2025. "Management of Energy Production in a Hybrid Combination of a Heat Pump and a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-18, July.
    7. Liu, Jiani & Si, Mengting & Zhang, Yindi & Xin, Yue & Shi, Changqian & Luo, Zixue, 2026. "Investigation into the physicochemical properties of three types of biomass-derived soot," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PF).
    8. He, Qing & Guo, Qinghua & Umeki, Kentaro & Ding, Lu & Wang, Fuchen & Yu, Guangsuo, 2021. "Soot formation during biomass gasification: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    9. Li, Deming & Mao, Changjun & Bai, Jian & Chen, Yongping, 2025. "Stable power generation from fluctuating cold energy enabled by PCM-packed bed," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    10. Wu, Zhiqiang & Yang, Wangcai & Meng, Haiyu & Zhao, Jun & Chen, Lin & Luo, Zhengyuan & Wang, Shuzhong, 2017. "Physicochemical structure and gasification reactivity of co-pyrolysis char from two kinds of coal blended with lignocellulosic biomass: Effects of the carboxymethylcellulose sodium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 96-106.
    11. Gao, Mingqiang & Cheng, Cheng & Miao, Zhenyong & Wan, Keji & He, Qiongqiong, 2023. "Physicochemical properties, combustion kinetics and thermodynamics of oxidized lignite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    12. Wu, Shaohua & Yang, Wenming & Xu, Hongpeng & Jiang, Yu, 2019. "Investigation of soot aggregate formation and oxidation in compression ignition engines with a pseudo bi-variate soot model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Zhu Wen & Waqar Ali Ather Bukhari & Ciro Troise & Azaz Ali Ather Bukhari & Stefano Bresciani, 2025. "Does Renewable Energy Facilitate the Achievement of COP‐28 Goals? Evidence From the World's Top Climate Laggard Economies," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(4), pages 5779-5798, August.
    14. Lee, Jechan & Yang, Xiao & Cho, Seong-Heon & Kim, Jae-Kon & Lee, Sang Soo & Tsang, Daniel C.W. & Ok, Yong Sik & Kwon, Eilhann E., 2017. "Pyrolysis process of agricultural waste using CO2 for waste management, energy recovery, and biochar fabrication," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 214-222.
    15. Wu, Shaohua & Zhou, Dezhi & Yang, Wenming, 2019. "Implementation of an efficient method of moments for treatment of soot formation and oxidation processes in three-dimensional engine simulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    16. Trubetskaya, Anna & Souihi, Nabil & Umeki, Kentaro, 2019. "Categorization of tars from fast pyrolysis of pure lignocellulosic compounds at high temperature," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 751-759.
    17. Hussain, Bilal & Batool, Komal & Naqvi, Syed Asif Ali & Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Ali, Shafaqat, 2025. "Racing towards environmental sustainability by lowering fossil resources in the energy mix during era of global boiling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 390(C).
    18. Peiying Luo & Tim Lenton, 2026. "Opening the Black Box of Financial Innovation and Sustainability Transitions: Unveiling the Roles of Green Entrepreneurship and Carbon Finance in G20 Countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(2), pages 1952-1980, April.
    19. Ye, Shiqi & Zhang, Hongyin & Zhou, Mo & Zheng, Tingguo, 2025. "Assessing energy sector resilience to adverse shocks: A scenario-based QVAR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    20. Ullah, Sami & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Natural resources, renewable energy-environment nexus for Pakistan: A policy perspective," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:22:p:5734-:d:1522206. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.