IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i21p5301-d1506321.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Thermal–Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Combined Heat Sink with Open Microchannels and Embedded Pin Fins

Author

Listed:
  • Yifan Li

    (School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China)

  • Tianyu Wang

    (School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China)

  • Zhipeng Wang

    (Tianjin Lantian Solar Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300392, China)

  • Congzhe Zhu

    (School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China)

  • Junlan Yang

    (School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China)

  • Bin Yang

    (School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China)

Abstract

An open type of microchannel with diamond pin fins (OM-DPFs) is introduced for the cooling of high-performance electronic chips. For a Reynolds number ( Re ) of 247~1173, a three-dimensional model is established to explore the hydrothermal properties of the OM-DPF and compare it to traditional heat sinks with closed rectangular microchannels (RMs), heat sinks with open microchannels (OMs), and the results in the existing research. Firstly, the synergy between tip clearance and pin fins on the hydrothermal properties is discussed. Secondly, the entropy production principle is adopted to analyze the irreversible losses for different heat sinks. Lastly, the total efficiencies of different heat sinks are assessed. The RMs present the worst heat transfer with the lowest friction loss. For the OMs, the temperature and pressure drop are decreased slightly compared to those of the RMs, and the irreversible loss is reduced by 4% at Re = 1173 because of the small tip clearance. But the total efficiency is lower than that of the RMs because the pressure drop advantage is offset by the weak heat transfer. For the OM-DPF, the combined structure has a noticeable impact on the multiple physical fields and hydrothermal characteristics, which present the best thermal performance at the cost of the highest friction loss. The irreversible loss of heat transfer in the OM-DPF is reduced obviously, but the friction irreversible loss significantly increases at high Re values. At Re = 429, the total entropy production of the OM-DPF is reduced by 47.57% compared with the RM. Compared to the OM and the single-pin fin structure in the literature, the total efficiency of the OM-DPF is increased by 14.56% and 40.32% at Re = 614. For a pump power of 0.1 W, the total thermal resistance ( R th) of the OM-DPF is dropped by 23.77% and 21.19% compared to the RM and OM. For a similar R th, the pump power of the combined structure is 63.64% and 42.86% lower than that of the RM and OM. Thus, the novel combined heat sink can achieve efficient heat removal while controlling the energy consumption of liquid cooling systems, which has bright application prospects.

Suggested Citation

  • Yifan Li & Tianyu Wang & Zhipeng Wang & Congzhe Zhu & Junlan Yang & Bin Yang, 2024. "Thermal–Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Combined Heat Sink with Open Microchannels and Embedded Pin Fins," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5301-:d:1506321
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5301/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5301/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. He, Ziqiang & Yan, Yunfei & Zhang, Zhien, 2021. "Thermal management and temperature uniformity enhancement of electronic devices by micro heat sinks: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    2. Xia, Yang & Chen, Li & Luo, Jiwang & Tao, Wenquan, 2023. "Numerical investigation of microchannel heat sinks with different inlets and outlets based on topology optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PA).
    3. Peiyue Li & Wen Fu & Kaidi Zhang & Qiulong Li & Yi Zhang & Yanmo Li & Zhihua Wang & Xiuhua Hou & Yuwei Sun & Wei Wei, 2024. "Effect of Channel Shape on Heat Transfer and Mechanical Properties of Supercritical CO 2 Microchannel Heat Exchanger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-17, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Waelveerakup, Sorravit & Thanomthong, Kasidith & Tantivimonkajorn, Punnapop & Wanittansirichok, Vichapol & Mongkholphan, Kanich & Sakamatapan, Kittipong & Promoppatum, Patcharapit & Wongwises, Somchai, 2024. "Comprehensive examination of topologically optimized thermo-fluid heat sinks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    2. Yifan Li & Congzhe Zhu & Xiuming Li & Bin Yang, 2025. "A Review of Non-Uniform Load Distribution and Solutions in Data Centers: Micro-Scale Liquid Cooling and Large-Scale Air Cooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-22, January.
    3. Ghadim, H. Benisi & Godin, A. & Veillere, A. & Duquesne, M. & Haillot, D., 2025. "Review of thermal management of electronics and phase change materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    4. Li, Jing & Zuo, Wei & E, Jiaqiang & Zhang, Yuntian & Li, Qingqing & Sun, Ke & Zhou, Kun & Zhang, Guangde, 2022. "Multi-objective optimization of mini U-channel cold plate with SiO2 nanofluid by RSM and NSGA-II," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    5. Wang, Hui & Wang, Zelin & Qu, Zhiguo & Zhang, Jianfei, 2023. "Deep-learning accelerating topology optimization of three-dimensional coolant channels for flow and heat transfer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    6. Park, Junyoung & Yu, Hyun & Bang, Ki Mun & Kim, Woochul & Jin, Hyungyu, 2025. "Additive-manufactured topology-optimized heat sinks for enhancing thermoelectric generator conversion efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    7. Choi, Seungyeong & Bang, Minho & Park, Hee Seung & Heo, Jeonghun & Cho, Myung Hwan & Cho, Hyung Hee, 2024. "Machine learning-assisted effective thermal management of rotor-stator systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    8. Guo, Chao & Liu, Huan-ling & Guo, Qi & Shao, Xiao-dong & Zhu, Ming-liang, 2022. "Investigations on a novel cold plate achieved by topology optimization for lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
    9. Wei, Li-si & Liu, Huan-ling & Tang, Chuan-geng & Tang, Xing-ping & Shao, Xiao-dong & Gongnan Xie,, 2024. "Investigation of novel type of cylindrical lithium-ion battery heat exchangers based on topology optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    10. Rui, Ziliang & Sun, Hong & Ma, Jie & Peng, Hao, 2023. "Experimental study and prediction on the thermal management performance of SDS aqueous solution based microchannel flow boiling system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    11. Wang, Shibo & Li, Peimiao & Wang, Hui & Feng, Yun & Li, Hongliang, 2024. "Multimodal transient topology optimization design of heat dissipation structure in electric aircraft power cabin," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    12. Zhou, Jianhong & Lu, Mingxiang & Han, Le & Zhao, Qi & Li, Qiang & Chen, Xuemei, 2025. "Topological manifold microchannel cooling for thermal management of divertor in fusion reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    13. Pourfattah, Farzad & Sabzpooshani, Majid, 2021. "On the thermal management of a power electronics system: Optimization of the cooling system using genetic algorithm and response surface method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    14. Gao, Wei & Liu, Feifan & Yu, Cheng & Chen, Yongping & Liu, Xiangdong, 2023. "Microfluidic method–based encapsulated phase change materials: Fundamentals, progress, and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    15. Wu, Taofen & Wu, Dan & Deng, Yong & Luo, Dajun & Wu, Fuzhong & Dai, Xinyi & Lu, Jia & Sun, Shuya, 2024. "Three-dimensional network-based composite phase change materials: Construction, structure, performance and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    16. Mo, Songping & Ye, Jiarong & Jia, Lisi & Chen, Ying, 2022. "Properties and performance of hybrid suspensions of MPCM/nanoparticles for LED thermal management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    17. He, Ziqiang & Yan, Yunfei & Zhao, Ting & Zhang, Zhien & Mikulčić, Hrvoje, 2022. "Parametric study of inserting internal spiral fins on the micro combustor performance for thermophotovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    18. Kailun Zou & Peijia Bai & Kanghua Li & Fangyuan Luo & Jiajie Liang & Ling Lin & Rujun Ma & Qi Li & Shenglin Jiang & Qing Wang & Guangzu Zhang, 2024. "Electronic cooling and energy harvesting using ferroelectric polymer composites," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    19. Assunta Andreozzi & Pietro Asinari & Antonio Barletta & Vincenzo Bianco & Johan Augusto Bocanegra & Pedro Vayssière Brandão & Bernardo Buonomo & Roberta Cappabianca & Michele Celli & Eliodoro Chiavazz, 2023. "Heat Transfer and Thermal Energy Storage Enhancement by Foams and Nanoparticles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-24, November.
    20. Hajialibabaei, Mahsa & Saghir, M.Ziad & Dincer, Ibrahim & Bicer, Yusuf, 2024. "Optimization of heat dissipation in novel design wavy channel heat sinks for better performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5301-:d:1506321. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.