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Assessing Combined High Photovoltaic and Electric Vehicle Charging Penetration in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks: A Case Study in Malta

Author

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  • Brian Azzopardi

    (MCAST Energy Research Group, Institute for Engineering and Transport, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST), PLA 9032 Paola, Malta
    The Foundation for Innovation and Research—Malta, BKR 4012 Birkirkara, Malta)

  • Yesbol Gabdullin

    (MCAST Energy Research Group, Institute for Engineering and Transport, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST), PLA 9032 Paola, Malta)

Abstract

High Photovoltaic (PV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Penetration challenges the grid’s Low-Voltage (LV) Distribution Network’s stability due to voltage variations and the overloading of feeders. This research paper investigates the potential of combined PV and Electric Vehicle (EV) charging integration within LV DN, using a representative DN in Malta as a case study. The European Union (EU) has set forth objectives and guidelines that suggest a high likelihood of Distributed Networks (DNs) incorporating a significant number of Photovoltaic Systems (PVs), resulting in overvoltage occurrences, as well as a substantial number of Electric Vehicles (EVs), which may charge in an erratic manner, leading to undervoltage and overloading events. A distribution network (DN) may experience unfavorable situations concurrently due to the simultaneous occurrence of photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicle (EV) charging, particularly in residential case studies. Effectively employing either dispersed or centralized storage is a viable approach to tackle these issues. However, this strategy may defer the requirement for expensive DN investments. The study showcases the extent of automated mitigation attained in the urban zones of Malta. The data presented primarily comprises empirical measurements obtained at the onset of the LV feeder.

Suggested Citation

  • Brian Azzopardi & Yesbol Gabdullin, 2024. "Assessing Combined High Photovoltaic and Electric Vehicle Charging Penetration in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks: A Case Study in Malta," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:1:p:263-:d:1313070
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    1. Moshövel, Janina & Kairies, Kai-Philipp & Magnor, Dirk & Leuthold, Matthias & Bost, Mark & Gährs, Swantje & Szczechowicz, Eva & Cramer, Moritz & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2015. "Analysis of the maximal possible grid relief from PV-peak-power impacts by using storage systems for increased self-consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 567-575.
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