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Highly Stable Lattice Boltzmann Method with a 2-D Actuator Line Model for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Author

Listed:
  • Luca Cacciali

    (DTU Wind and Energy Systems, Fredensborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Martin O. L. Hansen

    (DTU Wind and Energy Systems, Fredensborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Krzysztof Rogowski

    (Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

A 2-D Lattice Boltzmann Method, designed to ensure stability at high Reynolds numbers, is combined with an Actuator Line Model to compute the loads on a two-bladed vertical axis wind turbine. Tests on the kernel size at a high mesh resolution reveal that a size equal to half of the full chord length yields the most accurate results. The aerodynamic load solution is validated against a fully resolved Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) output, demonstrating high correlation, and enabling an assessment of near wake and downstream effects. The model’s adaptability to various rotor operating conditions is confirmed through tests at high and low tip-speed ratios. Additionally, a Biot–Savart-based Vortex Model (VM) is employed for further comparison, showing good agreement with the Lattice Boltzmann output. The results indicate that the Highly Stable Lattice Boltzmann Method integrated with the Actuator Line Model enhances the accuracy of flow field resolution and effectively captures complex aerodynamic phenomena, making it a valuable tool for simulating vertical axis wind turbines.

Suggested Citation

  • Luca Cacciali & Martin O. L. Hansen & Krzysztof Rogowski, 2024. "Highly Stable Lattice Boltzmann Method with a 2-D Actuator Line Model for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:19:p:4847-:d:1487074
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krzysztof Rogowski, 2019. "CFD Computation of the H-Darrieus Wind Turbine—The Impact of the Rotating Shaft on the Rotor Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Rezaeiha, Abdolrahim & Kalkman, Ivo & Blocken, Bert, 2017. "CFD simulation of a vertical axis wind turbine operating at a moderate tip speed ratio: Guidelines for minimum domain size and azimuthal increment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 373-385.
    3. Belabes, Belkacem & Paraschivoiu, Marius, 2021. "Numerical study of the effect of turbulence intensity on VAWT performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
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    1. Haider, Rizwan & Shi, Wei & Cai, Yefeng & Lin, Zaibin & Li, Xin & Hu, Zhiqiang, 2024. "A comprehensive numerical model for aero-hydro-mooring analysis of a floating offshore wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PC).
    2. Rogowski, Krzysztof & Michna, Jan & Mikkelsen, Robert Flemming & Ferreira, Carlos Simao, 2025. "Impact of zigzag tape on blade loads and aerodynamic wake in a vertical axis wind turbine: A Delft VAWT case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).

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