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Hydrogen: Prospects and Criticalities for Future Development and Analysis of Present EU and National Regulation

Author

Listed:
  • Gianluigi Migliavacca

    (Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy)

  • Claudio Carlini

    (Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy)

  • Piergiovanni Domenighini

    (Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy)

  • Claudio Zagano

    (Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy)

Abstract

Hydrogen is in the spotlight in the energy world, and it will remain so. In Europe, the necessity to integrate ever-growing amounts of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in order to implement the ambitious European decarbonization policy (package Fit-for-55) and to preserve the security of energy supply (package Repower-EU) are feeding the interest in hydrogen. This paper will provide a thorough analysis of prospects and criticalities for the development of hydrogen both as a carrier and as a feedstock and, definitively, as a key element for the implementation of the European decarbonization policies. First, the present regulatory framework will be highlighted, taking the European Union as a main reference, since it presently has one of the most advanced hydrogen legislations in the world. Then, both hydrogen offer (technologies) and demand (both as a feedstock and as an energy carrier) will be dealt with in detail. Two additional sections will take care to illustrate, respectively, the interactions between hydrogen and the electricity grid and the issues related to the creation of a liquid hydrogen market. Finally, a conclusion section will wrap up and summarize the most urgent issues to be tackled to create a well-functioning hydrogen economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Gianluigi Migliavacca & Claudio Carlini & Piergiovanni Domenighini & Claudio Zagano, 2024. "Hydrogen: Prospects and Criticalities for Future Development and Analysis of Present EU and National Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-42, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:19:p:4827-:d:1486632
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adrian Odenweller & Falko Ueckerdt & Gregory F. Nemet & Miha Jensterle & Gunnar Luderer, 2022. "Probabilistic feasibility space of scaling up green hydrogen supply," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(9), pages 854-865, September.
    2. Speckmann, Friedrich-W. & Bintz, Steffen & Birke, Kai Peter, 2019. "Influence of rectifiers on the energy demand and gas quality of alkaline electrolysis systems in dynamic operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 855-863.
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    Cited by:

    1. Aneta Kowalska & Robert Biczak, 2025. "Phytoremediation and Environmental Law: Harnessing Biomass and Microbes to Restore Soils and Advance Biofuel Innovation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Sergey Yakush & Sergey Rashkovskiy & Maxim Alexeev & Oleg Semenov, 2025. "Features of Hydrogen-Enriched Methane–Air Flames Propagating in Hele-Shaw Channels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-20, January.
    3. Gianluigi Migliavacca, 2025. "Multi-Energy Static Modeling Approaches: A Critical Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-33, April.

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