IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i18p4651-d1480105.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cost of Green Hydrogen

Author

Listed:
  • Janusz Kotowicz

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Oliwia Baszczeńska

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Kamil Niesporek

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

Abstract

Acting in accordance with the requirements of the 2015 Paris Agreement, Poland, as well as other European Union countries, have committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050. One of the solutions to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the environment is the implementation of large-scale hydrogen technologies. This article presents the cost of producing green hydrogen produced using an alkaline electrolyzer, with electricity supplied from a photovoltaic farm. The analysis was performed using the Monte Carlo method, and for baseline assumptions including an electricity price of 0.053 EUR/kWh, the cost of producing green hydrogen was 5.321 EUR/kgH 2 . In addition, this article presents a sensitivity analysis showing the impact of the electricity price before and after the energy crisis and other variables on the cost of green hydrogen production. The large change occurring in electricity prices (from 0.035 EUR/kWh to 0.24 EUR/kWh) significantly affected the levelized cost of green hydrogen (LCOH), which could change by up to 14 EUR/kgH 2 in recent years. The results of the analysis showed that the parameters that successively have the greatest impact on the cost of green hydrogen production are the operating time of the plant and the unit capital expenditure. The development of green hydrogen production facilities, along with the scaling of technology in the future, can reduce the cost of its production.

Suggested Citation

  • Janusz Kotowicz & Oliwia Baszczeńska & Kamil Niesporek, 2024. "Cost of Green Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:18:p:4651-:d:1480105
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/18/4651/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/18/4651/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kotowicz, Janusz & Uchman, Wojciech & Jurczyk, Michał & Sekret, Robert, 2023. "Evaluation of the potential for distributed generation of green hydrogen using metal-hydride storage methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    2. Schrotenboer, Albert H. & Veenstra, Arjen A.T. & uit het Broek, Michiel A.J. & Ursavas, Evrim, 2022. "A Green Hydrogen Energy System: Optimal control strategies for integrated hydrogen storage and power generation with wind energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kourougianni, Fanourios & Arsalis, Alexandros & Olympios, Andreas V. & Yiasoumas, Georgios & Konstantinou, Charalampos & Papanastasiou, Panos & Georghiou, George E., 2024. "A comprehensive review of green hydrogen energy systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    2. Martins, Flavio Pinheiro & De-León Almaraz, Sofía & Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa & Azzaro-Pantel, Catherine & Parikh, Priti, 2024. "Hydrogen and the sustainable development goals: Synergies and trade-offs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    3. Sonja Knežević & Darko Šošić, 2024. "Isolated Work of a Multi-Energy Carrier Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Dong, Zhe & Li, Junyi & Zhang, Zuoyi & Dong, Yujie & Huang, Xiaojin, 2025. "The definition of entropy production metric with application in passivity-based control of thermodynamic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    5. Hannan, M.A. & Nair, Mahendhiran S. & Ahmed, Pervaiz K. & Vaithilingam, Santha & Wali, Safat B. & Reza, M.S. & Abu, Sayem M. & Ker, Pin Jern & Begum, R.A. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Ng, Denny K.S. & Jang, G, 2025. "Return on values of hydrogen energy transitions: A perspective on the conceptual framework," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    6. Mengxuan Yan & Shen-En Peng & Chun Sing Lai & Si-Zhe Chen & Jing Liu & Junhua Xu & Fangyuan Xu & Loi Lei Lai & Gang Chen, 2023. "Two-Layer Optimization Planning Model for Integrated Energy Systems in Hydrogen Refueling Original Station," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-16, May.
    7. Marzena Frankowska & Andrzej Rzeczycki & Mariusz Sowa & Wojciech Drożdż, 2022. "Functional Model of Power Grid Stabilization in the Green Hydrogen Supply Chain System—Conceptual Assumptions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    8. Wang, Yifei & Dong, Guangzhong & Yu, Jincheng & Qin, Caiyan & Feng, Yu & Deng, Yanfei & Zhang, Mingming, 2025. "In-situ green hydrogen production from offshore wind farms, a prospective review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    9. Sgarbossa, Fabio & Arena, Simone & Tang, Ou & Peron, Mirco, 2023. "Renewable hydrogen supply chains: A planning matrix and an agenda for future research," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    10. Katarzyna Markowska & Kamil Wittek & Patrycja Kabiesz & Kinga Stecuła & Barış Aydın & Szymon Pawlak & Agata Markowska, 2025. "Hydrogen-Powered Engines: A Study on Selected Technological and Emissions Issues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-17, March.
    11. Zaiter, Issa & Ramadan, Mohamad & Bouabid, Ali & Mayyas, Ahmad & El-Fadel, Mutasem & Mezher, Toufic, 2024. "Enabling industrial decarbonization: Framework for hydrogen integration in the industrial energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    12. Sgarbossa, Fabio & Arena, Simone & Tang, Ou & Peron, Mirco, 2022. "Reprint of: Renewable hydrogen supply chains: A planning matrix and an agenda for future research," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    13. Wu, Mou & Yan, Rujing & Zhang, Jing & Fan, Junqiu & Wang, Jiangjiang & Bai, Zhang & He, Yu & Cao, Guoqiang & Hu, Keling, 2024. "An enhanced stochastic optimization for more flexibility on integrated energy system with flexible loads and a high penetration level of renewables," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    14. Chun-Kai Wang & Chien-Ming Lee, 2024. "Power System Decarbonization Assessment: A Case Study from Taiwan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-19, February.
    15. Liang, Hejun & Pirouzi, Sasan, 2024. "Energy management system based on economic Flexi-reliable operation for the smart distribution network including integrated energy system of hydrogen storage and renewable sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    16. Jin, Lingkang & Rossi, Mosè & Monforti Ferrario, Andrea & Mennilli, Francesca & Comodi, Gabriele, 2025. "Designing hybrid energy storage systems for steady green hydrogen production in residential areas: A GIS-based framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 389(C).
    17. Mittler, Christian & Bucksteeg, Michael & Staudt, Philipp, 2025. "Review and morphological analysis of renewable power purchasing agreement types," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    18. Superchi, Francesco & Moustakis, Antonis & Pechlivanoglou, George & Bianchini, Alessandro, 2025. "On the importance of degradation modeling for the robust design of hybrid energy systems including renewables and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PD).
    19. Athanasios Ioannis Arvanitidis & Vivek Agarwal & Miltiadis Alamaniotis, 2023. "Nuclear-Driven Integrated Energy Systems: A State-of-the-Art Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-23, May.
    20. Ahmad Alzahrani & Senthil Kumar Ramu & Gunapriya Devarajan & Indragandhi Vairavasundaram & Subramaniyaswamy Vairavasundaram, 2022. "A Review on Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Microgrid System: Topologies for Hydrogen Energy Storage, Integration, and Energy Management with Solar and Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-32, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:18:p:4651-:d:1480105. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.