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Strengthening Power Systems for Net Zero: A Review of the Role of Synchronous Condensers and Emerging Challenges

Author

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  • Hamid Soleimani

    (School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia)

  • Daryoush Habibi

    (School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia)

  • Mehrdad Ghahramani

    (School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia)

  • Asma Aziz

    (School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia)

Abstract

System strength is both supplied and demanded in a power system during normal operations and in the presence of disturbances. This is characterised by stable voltage and frequency, supporting renewable generation such as wind and solar. Because the retirement of synchronous generators reduces system strength supply, and the connection of new inverter-based resource (IBR) generators increases demand, there is an urgent need for new sources of system strength. This paper provides an overview of the challenges brought about by grid modernisation. It highlights tangible solutions provided by synchronous condensers (SCs) to bolster grid strength, stability, and reliability while accommodating the rising influx of renewable energy sources (RESs). Furthermore, this paper examines the role of SCs in improving weak grids, voltage control, power quality, short-circuit levels, and inertia management. It introduces the role of innovative hybrid synchronous condenser (HSC) systems to boost grid reliability and resilience. It also elaborates on the optimisation strategies for SC sizing, placement, and control and outlines economic aspects of their deployment. The review also highlights future directions and challenges in SC technology, emphasising the need for ongoing research and development to enhance system design and operation.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamid Soleimani & Daryoush Habibi & Mehrdad Ghahramani & Asma Aziz, 2024. "Strengthening Power Systems for Net Zero: A Review of the Role of Synchronous Condensers and Emerging Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-23, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:13:p:3291-:d:1429114
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    1. Mehrdad Ghahramani & Daryoush Habibi & Seyyedmorteza Ghamari & Asma Aziz, 2024. "Addressing Uncertainty in Renewable Energy Integration for Western Australia’s Mining Sector: A Robust Optimization Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-35, November.
    2. Ingrid Hopley & Mehrdad Ghahramani & Asma Aziz, 2024. "Techno-Economic Factors Impacting the Intrinsic Value of Behind-the-Meter Distributed Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-26, November.
    3. Manh-Dung Nguyen & Tae-Seong Kim & Kyung-Hun Shin & Gang-Hyeon Jang & Jang-Young Choi, 2024. "Fast Prediction of Characteristics in Wound Rotor Synchronous Condenser Using Subdomain Modeling," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-13, November.

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