A Wind Power Fluctuation Smoothing Control Strategy for Energy Storage Systems Considering the State of Charge

With the significant increase in the scale of energy storage configuration in wind farms, improving the smoothing capability and utilization of energy storage has become a key focus. Therefore, a wind power fluctuation smoothing control strategy is proposed for battery energy storage systems (BESSs), considering the state of charge (SOC). First, a BESS smoothing wind power fluctuation system model based on model predictive control (MPC) is constructed. The objective function aims to minimize the deviation of grid-connected power from the target power and the deviation of the BESS’s remaining capacity from the ideal value by comprehensively considering the smoothing effect and the SOC. Second, when the wind power’s grid-connected power exceeds the allowable fluctuation value, the weight coefficients in the objective function are adjusted in real time using the first layer of fuzzy control rules combined with SOC partitioning. This approach smooths wind power fluctuations while preventing overcharging and overdischarging of the BESS. When the grid-connected power is within the allowable fluctuation range, the charging and discharging power of the BESS is further refined using a second layer of fuzzy control rules. This enhances the BESS’s capability and utilization for smoothing future wind power fluctuations by preemptively charging and discharging. Finally, the proposed control strategy is simulated using MATLAB R2021b with actual operational data from a wind farm as a case study. Compared to the traditional MPC control method, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively controls the SOC within a reasonable range, prevents the SOC from entering the dead zone, and enhances the BESS’s ability to smooth wind power fluctuations.