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Transfer Functions of Ammonia and Partly Cracked Ammonia Swirl Flames

Author

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  • Nader N. Shohdy

    (Mechanical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
    Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mhedine Alicherif

    (Mechanical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
    Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia)

  • Deanna A. Lacoste

    (Mechanical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
    Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The replacement of hydrocarbon fuels by ammonia in industrial systems is challenging due to its low burning velocity, its narrow flammability range, and a large production of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide when burned close to stoichiometric conditions. Cracking a fraction of ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen prior to injection in the combustion chamber is considered a promising strategy to overcome these issues. This paper focuses on evaluating how different levels of ammonia cracking affect the overall burning velocity, the lean blow-off limit, the concentration of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, and the flame response to acoustic perturbations. Swirl stabilized premixed flames of pure ammonia–air and ammonia–hydrogen–nitrogen–air mixtures mimicking 10%, 20%, and 28% of cracking are experimentally investigated. The results show that even though ammonia cracking is beneficial for enhancing the lean blow-off limit and the overall burning velocity, its impact on pollutant emissions and flame stability is detrimental for a percentage of cracking as low as 20%. Based on an analysis of the flame dynamics, reasons for these results are proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Nader N. Shohdy & Mhedine Alicherif & Deanna A. Lacoste, 2023. "Transfer Functions of Ammonia and Partly Cracked Ammonia Swirl Flames," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1323-:d:1047883
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lamioni, Rachele & Bronzoni, Cristiana & Folli, Marco & Tognotti, Leonardo & Galletti, Chiara, 2022. "Feeding H2-admixtures to domestic condensing boilers: Numerical simulations of combustion and pollutant formation in multi-hole burners," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    2. Mashruk, Syed & Kovaleva, Marina & Alnasif, Ali & Chong, Cheng Tung & Hayakawa, Akihiro & Okafor, Ekenechukwu C. & Valera-Medina, Agustin, 2022. "Nitrogen oxide emissions analyses in ammonia/hydrogen/air premixed swirling flames," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    3. Muhammad Aziz & Agung Tri Wijayanta & Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto, 2020. "Ammonia as Effective Hydrogen Storage: A Review on Production, Storage and Utilization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-25, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chengming Wang & Haiou Wang & Kun Luo & Jianren Fan, 2023. "The Effects of Cracking Ratio on Ammonia/Air Non-Premixed Flames under High-Pressure Conditions Using Large Eddy Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Soroush Sheykhbaglou & Pavlos Dimitriou, 2025. "Numerical Analysis of Combustion and Thermal Performance of a Bluff-Body and Swirl-Stabilized Micro-Combustor with Premixed NH 3 /H 2 /Air Flames," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-36, February.

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